BU TOPRAKLARDA, \u2018Tanr\u0131 Uludur\u2019lu ezan\u0131n minarelerden y\u00fckseli\u015finin \u00fczerinden tam 79 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. 29 Ocak1932 tarihinde Fatih Camii\u2019nde bir Ramazan ay\u0131 Haf\u0131z R\u0131fat taraf\u0131ndan okunmaya ba\u015flanan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ezan 16 Haziran 1950 tarihine kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1932 Ramazan\u0131\u2019nda sadece ezan de\u011fil, Kur\u2019an, tekbir, hutbe ve salalar da T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Ba\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k, kravatl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde Fatih Camii minaresine \u00e7\u0131kan Haf\u0131z R\u0131fat, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ezan\u0131 elindeki k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da bakarak okumu\u015ftu. Yeni yasaklar \u00e7ok ciddi takipleri ve cezalar\u0131 beraberinde getirdi. Demokrat Parti\u2019nin iktidar\u0131na kadar ezan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e okundu.<\/p>\n
Bu r\u00f6portaj 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Prof. Dr. Mete Tun\u00e7ay ile \u2018T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Ezan ve Dinde Reform\u2019 giri\u015fimlerini anlatan bir belgesel i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir saat s\u00fcren s\u00f6yle\u015finin \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir k\u0131sm\u0131 belgeselde yay\u0131nlanabildi. 1932 Ramazan\u0131\u2019nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ezan (29 Ocak 1932), T\u00fcrk\u00e7e hutbe (5 \u015eubat 1932), T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Kur\u2019an (28 Ocak 1932) ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e tekbir (5 \u015eubat 1932) uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Mete Hoca\u2019y\u0131 arad\u0131m ve r\u00f6portaj\u0131 yay\u0131nlamak istedi\u011fimi s\u00f6yledim. Sa\u011f olsun bizleri k\u0131rmad\u0131, eklemeler yaparak ve g\u00fcncelleyerek r\u00f6portaj\u0131 sizlere sunmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
R\u00d6PORTAJ: MUHARREM CO\u015eKUN<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2022 Hocam, isterseniz \u2018Dinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmesi\u2019 veya \u2018dinde reform\u2019 giri\u015fimlerinin temelinde yatan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce nedir, buradan ba\u015flayal\u0131m…<\/strong><\/p>\n Ziya G\u00f6kalp gibi ideologlar, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fman\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak \u201cT\u00fcrkle\u015fmek ve \u0130slamla\u015fmak\u201d diyorlard\u0131. Tabi\u00ee burada \u2018\u0130slamla\u015fmak\u2019tan kastedilen \u015fey, o vakte kadar \u0130slamiyet\u2019i uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 haliyle b\u0131rakmak de\u011fil, herhalde biraz de\u011fi\u015ftirmekti. 1928\u2019de ilahiyat fak\u00fcltesinde bir layiha haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, heyete; K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fczade, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Baltac\u0131o\u011flu, Halil Halit, Halil Nimetullah, \u015eemseddin G\u00fcnaltay, \u015eerafettin Yaltkaya, \u015eekip Tun\u00e7, Yusuf Ziya Y\u00f6r\u00fckan dahil olmu\u015flar. \u00d6neriler aras\u0131nda, camilerde oturacak yer sa\u011flamak, camiye m\u00fczi\u011fi ithal etmek gibi \u015feyler de var. Fakat bu \u00f6neriler herhangi bir somut uygulamaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemi\u015f.<\/p>\n B\u00f6rek\u00e7i bile kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \u2022 1928\u2019de somutla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f ama 1932 Ramazan\u2019\u0131nda \u2018Dinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmesi Projesi\u2019 tatbik mevkiine konulmu\u015f. Ancak daha sonra bu proje de, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Ezan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Neden olabilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n Bana \u00f6yle geliyor ki; \u0130slamiyet\u2019te baz\u0131 \u015feylerin reforme edilmesi, de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0130slam\u2019a yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 endi\u015fesiyle bundan vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn, o me\u015fhur Bal\u0131kesir Hutbesi\u2019nde de g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u201cBu camiler yat\u0131p kalkmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil, memleket meselelerini konu\u015fmak i\u00e7indir\u201d diyor. Bu y\u00f6ne gidilse, camiler salt dini i\u015flevlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ek i\u015flerde de kullan\u0131lacak olsa din de \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7lenecekti. Oysa halifeli\u011fin 1924\u2019te kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, dinin, devlet denetimi alt\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131 ve fazla g\u00fc\u00e7lenmemesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc. Tarikatlar\u0131n etkileri arand\u0131 ve onlara kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 kovu\u015fturmaya ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n \u2022 Peki neden din kovu\u015fturulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n O d\u00f6nem, \u00f6zellikle iki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131nda, laikli\u011fi se\u00e7en \u00fclke sadece T\u00fcrkiye de\u011fildi. Rusya, Meksika gibi ba\u015fka \u00fclkeler de vard\u0131. Devrin havas\u0131nda b\u00f6yle din konusunda m\u00fcbalats\u0131z bir hava hakim oldu. Mesela 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda, ressamlar resimlerini te\u015fhir edecekleri yer bulamay\u0131nca, Sultanahmet Camii\u2019ni kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar, fakat \u0131\u015f\u0131k bulamay\u0131nca da kubbeden delik a\u00e7may\u0131 teklif ediyorlar. Toplanan komisyonda sadece Mimar Kemalettin kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. O da mimari estetik kayg\u0131lardan dolay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bir mabedi bir resim galerisine \u00e7evirmek b\u00fcy\u00fck c\u00fcret ama bu bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f o devirde.<\/p>\n \u2022 1932\u2019de yap\u0131lan, \u201cdinde reform\u201d muydu, yoksa \u201cdinin millile\u015fmesi projesi\u201d miydi?<\/strong><\/p>\n 1930\u2019larda yap\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan \u015fey, \u00e7ok daha muhafazak\u00e2r. \u0130badete \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n diliyle oynamak. Benim \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumda ezan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eydi. \u00d6nce \u201colabilir\u201d dendi. Ard\u0131ndan cezai h\u00fck\u00fcm getirildi. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn sayg\u0131n olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Diyanet \u0130\u015fleri Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Rifat B\u00f6rek\u00e7i dahi T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ibadet yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Din adamlar\u0131nda buna ye\u015fil \u0131\u015f\u0131k yakan olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Caiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fetvas\u0131 verilince bu yola gidilemedi. Fakat ezanda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n \u2018Ve emrehu \u015fura beynehum\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130slam g\u00fc\u00e7lenir korkusuyla T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ibadet rafa kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n \u2022 Bir devlet hem de yeni kurulmu\u015f bir devlet, onca sorun varken neden din gibi bir olguyla bu denli ilgilenmi\u015ftir?<\/strong><\/p>\n Tek Parti D\u00f6nemi boyunca, 1923-1945 aras\u0131 laiklik, din-devlet i\u015flerinin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 derken, fiiliyatta dinin devlet denetiminde tutulmas\u0131 hedeflendi. G\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine, yay\u0131lmas\u0131na, geli\u015fmesine g\u00f6z yumulmad\u0131. \u0130zin verilmedi. Oysa Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019de dinden \u00e7ok yararlan\u0131ld\u0131. Daha yayg\u0131n bir milliyet\u00e7ilik bilinci olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, din karde\u015fli\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131ca tutunum \u00f6\u011fesi olarak \u00e7ok vurguland\u0131. Mesela B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi \u00e7ok dindar, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn arkas\u0131ndaki duvara \u201cBirbirinize dan\u0131\u015farak y\u00f6netin\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen (Ve emrehu \u015fura beynehum) ayet as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Meclis\u2019te M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan tek ki\u015fi yok. Sadece birinci grupta de\u011fil, ikinci grupta da \u00e7ok say\u0131da sar\u0131kl\u0131 din adam\u0131, ulemaya mensubiyeti g\u00f6steren var. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar \u0130slamiyet \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015fken Milli M\u00fccadele y\u0131llar\u0131nda, ondan sonra h\u0131zla bu \u00f6nem baltalan\u0131yor. Hilafetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da, asl\u0131nda devletin ba\u015f\u0131nda iki ba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in. Tek Parti yetkisini payla\u015fmak istemiyor. Vak\u0131flar da, genel m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklere \u00e7evriliyor, denetim alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131yor. Devlet, \u2018al\u0131n vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131z\u2019 dese ba\u015fka \u015feyler olur diye endi\u015fe ediyor.<\/p>\n \u2022 Bunda, \u201cdinin ilerlemeye engel oldu\u011fu\u201d inanc\u0131 m\u0131 vard\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n Dinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi geli\u015fmekten al\u0131koyan olgu oldu\u011fu fikri 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri vard\u0131. Tek Parti tabi sert bir y\u00f6netimdi. Her hangi bir muhalefete, gerginli\u011fi bo\u015faltacak ad\u0131ma m\u00fcsaade etmiyordu.<\/p>\n Atat\u00fcrk \u2018otokratik diktat\u00f6r\u2019d\u00fc<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n \u2022 Mustafa Kemal\u2019in y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na ne diyorsunuz?<\/p>\n Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Milli M\u00fccadele zaman\u0131nda kanunla diktat\u00f6r olmu\u015ftu. Diktat\u00f6r laf\u0131 Roma\u2019daki manas\u0131yla Meclis yetkilerini tek ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6netmek demekti. Tek Parti D\u00f6nemi\u2019nin bir bask\u0131c\u0131 d\u00f6nem oldu\u011fu, Frans\u0131z jakoben modeli gere\u011fince, yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya, halk\u0131n yarar\u0131na fakat halka ra\u011fmen bir tak\u0131m \u015feylerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhakkak. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019ya, onun y\u00f6netimine \u2018otokratik diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck\u2019 demekte sak\u0131nca yok. Kendisi s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. 1930\u2019larda, \u201cbug\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc kapasam arakamda b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131m manzara diktat\u00f6r manzaras\u0131d\u0131r. Oysa ben b\u00fct\u00fcn gen\u00e7li\u011fimde Abdulhamid istibdad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 formasyon ald\u0131m. Bu ne hazin \u015feydir\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n \u2022 Demokrat Parti\u2019yle birlikte ezan \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fti. DP, CHP\u2019den \u00e7ok mu farkl\u0131yd\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n Demokrat Parti(DP)\u2019den \u00f6nce, kat\u0131 laiklik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan tavizler CHP taraf\u0131ndan verildi. DP, hi\u00e7bir zaman laiklik kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmad\u0131. Sadece ezan\u0131 Arap\u00e7a okumaya izin verdi, o kadar. Said Nursi\u2019yi kovu\u015fturdu. Belki Halk Partisi\u2019nin en a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 giden y\u00f6nlerini yumu\u015fatt\u0131.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ezan Turanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7indi<\/p>\n \u2022 Mustafa Kemal kendini dini bak\u0131mdan nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu ya da ifade ediyordu?<\/strong><\/p>\n Mustafa Kemal kendisinin bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman de\u011fil, \u201cYaradanc\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da pek \u00f6nemsemiyor. Onun Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirme giri\u015fimi de, milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ile ilgili bir \u015feydi. Turanc\u0131 milliyet\u00e7iler, \u0130slamiyet\u2019i Arap emperyalizmi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn de bu metinleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirmesinde ben ulus\u00e7uluk fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n \u2022 Siz kendinizi nas\u0131l ifade ediyorsunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n Ben \u201cm\u00fcmin\u201d de\u011fil, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131m. Agnostikim(bilinemezci). Bu g\u00f6reneklerle fazla oynanmas\u0131ndan yana de\u011filim. Mesela rahmetli Aziz Nesin, laik cenaze t\u00f6reni istedi \u00f6yle yap\u0131ld\u0131, ben kendim i\u00e7in cenaze t\u00f6reninde bir \u015feyler okunmas\u0131ndan rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duymam.<\/p>\n \u2022 Siz ezan\u0131n Arap\u00e7a olmas\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z de\u011filsiniz yani?<\/strong><\/p>\n Ezan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olsa ne olur, Arap\u00e7a olsa ne olur. Bir kesim var, bunlar kendini devrimci ilerici g\u00f6r\u00fcyor, bir de dindar kesim var. Bunlar\u0131n de\u011ferleriyle oynamak ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckler.<\/p>\n Not: Bu s\u00f6yle\u015fi, Star Gazetesinin 31 Ocak 2011 g\u00fcnk\u00fc n\u00fcshas\u0131ndan iktibas edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" BU TOPRAKLARDA, \u2018Tanr\u0131 Uludur\u2019lu ezan\u0131n minarelerden y\u00fckseli\u015finin \u00fczerinden tam 79 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. 29 Ocak1932 tarihinde Fatih Camii\u2019nde bir Ramazan ay\u0131 Haf\u0131z R\u0131fat taraf\u0131ndan okunmaya ba\u015flanan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ezan 16 Haziran 1950 tarihine kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1932 Ramazan\u0131\u2019nda sadece ezan de\u011fil, Kur\u2019an, tekbir, hutbe ve salalar da T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Ba\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k, kravatl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde Fatih Camii minaresine \u00e7\u0131kan Haf\u0131z […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":90780,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[130],"class_list":["post-90778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-soylesiler"],"yoast_head":"\n