{"id":90079,"date":"2025-03-04T20:46:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T20:46:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.karakalem.avrupabelge.com\/karakalem\/thomas-carlylenin-kahramanlari\/"},"modified":"2025-03-04T20:46:15","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T20:46:15","slug":"thomas-carlylenin-kahramanlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.karakalem.avrupabelge.com\/karakalem\/thomas-carlylenin-kahramanlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Thomas Carlyle&#8217;nin Kahramanlar&#8217;\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>03.05.2003<\/p>\n<p>TAKL\u0130TTEN TAHK\u0130KE:\u00c7A\u011eDA\u015e BATI D\u00dcNYASINDA PEYGAMBER \u0130MAJININ D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e\u00dcM\u00dc VE THOMAS CARLYLE\u2019IN \u201cKAHRAMANLAR\u2019I\u201d<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">I<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131  misyonerlik faaliyetleri Evanjelik Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Oryantalist zihniyetin deste\u011findeki bu  \u201cHa\u00e7l\u0131 seferleri\u201dnde, Katolikli\u011fin \u201cKilise d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kurtulu\u015f yoktur\u201d akidesi \u201cH\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kurtulu\u015f yoktur\u201d \u015fekline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131lan misyonerlik metinlerinde \u0130slam\u2019dan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fi \u00f6zendirmek amac\u0131yla H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019a \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan mukayeseler ve \u015eark Kiliselerine ili\u015fkin ele\u015ftirilere yer verilmekteydi. Yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130slam\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 daha toleransl\u0131 bir tutumu haber veren yakla\u015f\u0131mlar da bulunmakla birlikte, bunlar olduk\u00e7a az\u0131nl\u0131ktayd\u0131. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131mlarda \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kendi kaynaklar\u0131ndan inceleme ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla girilen birebir etkile\u015fimlerin husule getirdi\u011fi \u201cef\u2019al ve etvardaki islam\u201d\u0131n etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"> Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015f ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n yak\u0131n zamanda tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilece\u011fi kehanetine dayand\u0131r\u0131lan misyoner yakla\u015f\u0131m yerini, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n bir din olarak k\u0131ymetini teslim eden, hatta bunu \u0130slam Peygamberinin rol\u00fcne de te\u015fmil eden bir yakla\u015f\u0131ma terk etmi\u015ftir. Ancak t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin nihai \u00fcmit korunmaya devam edilmi\u015ftir. Nitekim, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki misyonerlik literat\u00fcr\u00fc bu ayr\u0131\u015fma \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, \u201cdiyalog\u201d ve \u201c\u015fahitlik\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131k gerilim \u00fczerine oturur.  <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\tBug\u00fcn \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki misyonerlik faaliyetleri esas itibariyle evanjelik Protestanlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. U\u011fran\u0131lan genel ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 taktik de\u011fi\u015fiklikler,  yeni Kiliseler kurarak bunun meyvelerini H\u0131r\u0131istiyanl\u0131\u011fa ihtida \u015feklinde dev\u015firmek amac\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f de\u011fildir. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f evanjelik literat\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 H\u0131r\u0131stiyanl\u0131\u011fa yeniden kazanmak ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara H\u0131r\u0131stiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 propaganda edebilmenin yollar\u0131na ve imkanlar\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Diyalogu m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran H\u0131ristiyanla\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin bir bile\u015feni olarak g\u00f6rmekten \u00e7ok,  iki din aras\u0131ndaki  kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fme ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ortak vesilesi olarak g\u00f6ren daha liberal e\u011filimdeki H\u0131ristiyan ruhanileri, din de\u011fi\u015ftirtmeyi hedefleyen geleneksel misyoner saikin ciddi \u015fekilde sorgulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131rlar. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"> \tDiyalogu \u201c\u015fahitlik\u201din bir t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak g\u00f6renler Hz Peygambere ili\u015fkin orta \u00e7a\u011f imajlar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekle birlikte, \u00e7o\u011funluk itibariyle \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ve ge\u00e7erli bir imana dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi kabul g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nihai kurtulu\u015fun, \u0130sa Mesih\u2019e H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6\u011fretisine g\u00f6re iman\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden taviz vermeden, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n tevhid \u00fczerindeki vurgusu ve dindarl\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 nezih ahlak pratikleri Hristiyanl\u0131kla ortak zeminler olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Bir\u00e7ok H\u0131ristiyan din adam\u0131 Hz Muhammed\u2019in peygamberli\u011fini kabul ederken, kimisi Onun hem M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n hem de H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n peygamberi oldu\u011fu kanaatindedir. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u201c\u0130slam meselesini\u201d M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n H\u0131ristiyanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 problemi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kararak, H\u0131ristiyan inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130slam dinine ger\u00e7ek ve derin bir sayg\u0131yla ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131rmak olarak d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz y\u00fczy\u0131lda H\u0131ristiyan ruhanilerinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en \u00f6nemli mesele olacakt\u0131r. \u0130slam ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cyeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninin hegemonik dini\u201d olma s\u00f6yleminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yarak, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 imalardan kurtar\u0131p \u0130slam\u2019la samimi ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fime a\u00e7mak H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeniden hayatlanmas\u0131nda anahtar unsur olacakt\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda (1795-1881) ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u0130sko\u00e7  tarih\u00e7i ve deneme yazar\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda koyu Kalvinci Thomas Carlyle\u2019\u0131n, \u0130slam ve \u0130slam Peygamberine ili\u015fkin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri olduk\u00e7a \u00fcmit verici ve ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">II<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u201cGeleneksel\u201d H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kla ciddi bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7ine giren ve bunu eserlerine de yans\u0131tan Carlyle\u2019\u0131n On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History (Tarihte Kahramanlar, Kahramanlara Tap\u0131nma ve Kahramanl\u0131k) isimli eserinde, kahramanlar  tarih yap\u0131c\u0131 akt\u00f6rler olarak \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralan\u0131r: tanr\u0131-kahraman (pagan mitleri), peygamber-kahraman (Hz. Muhammed), \u015fair-kahraman (Dante ve Shakespeare), din adam\u0131-kahraman (Luther ve Knox), edebiyat\u00e7\u0131-kahraman (Johnson ve Burns) ve h\u00fck\u00fcmdar-kahraman (Cromwell ve Napolyon). Carlyle\u2019\u0131n 1840 May\u0131s\u0131nda verdi\u011fi ve tarihi yapan temel akt\u00f6rlerin kahramanlar oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131ndan hareketle  alt\u0131 kahraman\u0131 konu alan Konferanslar serisinin, 8 May\u0131s 1840\u2019ta verilen ve \u201cPeygamber Olarak Kahraman: Muhammed\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Konferans\u0131, Orta \u00e7a\u011f H\u0131ristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam Peygamberi hakk\u0131ndaki hakim faraziyelerinin reddi \u00fczerine kuruludur. Samimi ve dindar bir H\u0131ristiyan olan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla vahiy, peygamberlerin masumiyeti gibi konularda H\u0131ristiyan bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Kur\u2019an ve Hz. Muhammed\u2019e ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmelerine yans\u0131tan, -\u0130slam\u0131, y\u00fcceltme ba\u011flam\u0131nda dahi olsa H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir t\u00fcrevi olarak g\u00f6rmesi, Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n lafz\u0131n\u0131n anlams\u0131z tekrarlarla dolu insicams\u0131z bir metin oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmesi gibi-, bu Konferans, bunlar istisna edilirse, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ve Peygamberin etraf\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r biriktirilmi\u015f olan \u015f\u00fcphe ve isnatlar\u0131n muhte\u015fem bir reddiyesidir. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Hitap etti\u011fi topluluk i\u00e7inde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etme riski olan bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, Peygamberin b\u00fct\u00fcn iyi vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 dosdo\u011fru s\u00f6yleyece\u011fini belirten Carlyle, bir anlamda \u201ckabr-i kalbden hakaik \u00e7\u0131plak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Namahrem olanlar nazar etmesin\u201d der gibidir. \u015eimdi sizi, Kahramanlar\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z pasajlar\u0131n dolays\u0131z tasviriyle ba\u015fba\u015fa b\u0131rak\u0131yoruz. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Ona Nas\u0131l Bakmal\u0131? \u201cOnun s\u0131rr\u0131na varman\u0131n yolu budur: Onun d\u00fcnyadan ne anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavramaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m. B\u00f6ylece d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ondan ne anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ne anlamakta oldu\u011fu daha kolay cevapland\u0131r\u0131labilir bir soru halini alacakt\u0131r.\u201d (s.78)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"> \u201cBen Muhammed\u2019in kusurlar\u0131n\u0131, kusurlar olarak dahi yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimize inan\u0131yorum. Onun s\u0131rr\u0131na bunlar \u00fczerinde durularak var\u0131lamaz. Biz b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 geride b\u0131rakacak ve onun amac\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funa inanarak, bunun ne oldu\u011funu veya ne olabilece\u011fini samimiyetle soraca\u011f\u0131z.\u201d (84-85).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Orta \u00c7a\u011f Peygamber \u0130maj\u0131n\u0131n Reddi: \u201cMuhammed\u2019in entrikac\u0131 bir sahtekar, hatta \u015eeytan\u0131n kendisi oldu\u011fu ve dininin bir \u015farlatanl\u0131k ve ahmakl\u0131k y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131ndan ibaret bulundu\u011fu \u015feklindeki faraziyemizin art\u0131k kimse i\u00e7in tutarl\u0131 taraf\u0131 kalmamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130yi niyetli \u00e7abalar sonucu bu adam\u0131n \u00e7evresine y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan yalanlar sadece bizim i\u00e7in utan\u00e7 verici olmaktan \u00f6teye gidemez. &#8230;Zira bu adam\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fi s\u00f6zler bin iki y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri y\u00fcz seksen milyon insana hayat rehberi olmu\u015ftur. &#8230;Her \u015feye kadir Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bunca mahlukunun u\u011frunda ya\u015fay\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fckleri bu inanc\u0131n sefil bir manevi d\u00fczenbazl\u0131k oldu\u011funu nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz? Ben kendi hesab\u0131ma b\u00f6yle bir \u015feyi kabul edemem. Her \u015feye inan\u0131r\u0131m, fakat buna inanamam.\u201d(s.78-79)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\t\u201c&#8230;Bir d\u00fczenbaz nas\u0131l bir din kurabilir? Bir d\u00fczenbaz\u0131n tu\u011fladan bir ev kurmas\u0131 bile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir! E\u011fer harc\u0131n, pi\u015fmi\u015f tu\u011flan\u0131n ve kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer malzemenin \u00f6zelliklerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde bilmez ve inceleyemezse yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey bir ev de\u011fil, ancak bir moloz y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir yap\u0131 y\u00fcz seksen milyon ki\u015fiyi bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak \u00fczere on iki as\u0131r ayakta duramaz, hemen y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. \u201c(79-80)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Evsaf-\u0131 Muhammediye: Muhammed k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftan beri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli bir insan olarak tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Arkada\u015flar\u0131 ona \u201cEl-Emin\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir. Ger\u00e7ekten de do\u011fru ve emin bir insand\u0131r.  D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinde de b\u00f6yledir, s\u00f6zlerinde ve fiillerinde de. Her hareketinde mutlaka bir mana oldu\u011fu dikkati \u00e7ekmektedir. \u00c7ok konu\u015fmaz. S\u00f6ylenecek bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda susar. Ama konu\u015ftu\u011fu zaman ak\u0131ll\u0131d\u0131r, i\u00e7tendir. Meseleyi daima ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yler. Konu\u015fmaya de\u011fer tek konu\u015fma tarz\u0131 da budur zaten! Hayat\u0131 boyunca metin, m\u00fc\u015ffik, temiz bir insan olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ciddi ve samimi, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sevimli, dost canl\u0131s\u0131, hatta ne\u015feli ve \u015fakac\u0131 bir karaktere sahiptir. \u00c7ok tatl\u0131 bir g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fc vard\u0131r. Her \u015feyleri gibi g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015fleri de sahte olan, g\u00fclmeyi beceremeyen insanlara hi\u00e7 benzemez.Muhammed yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da \u00fcn salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: g\u00fczel, zeki, d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir y\u00fcz: esmer, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ten; parlak, kara g\u00f6zler&#8230; \u0130\u00e7inden geldi\u011fi gibi davranan, ate\u015fli fakat do\u011fru, iyi niyetli bir insan! Kat\u0131ks\u0131z bir zekayla, ate\u015f ve \u0131\u015f\u0131kla, i\u015flenmemi\u015f meziyetlerle dolu; \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn derinliklerinde hayat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revini yapan bir adam.\u201d (92-93)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Peygamberin \u00dcmmili\u011fi: \u201cO tarihlerde yaz\u0131 Arabistan\u2019a hen\u00fcz girmi\u015fti. Muhammed\u2019in okuma-yazma bilmedi\u011fi hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn do\u011fru olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir sebep yok. Onun g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn e\u011fitim \u00e7\u00f6l hayat\u0131ndan ve bu hayat\u0131n tecr\u00fcbelerinden ibarettir. Karanl\u0131k k\u00f6\u015fesinden kendi g\u00f6zleri ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle bu sonsuz Evren hakk\u0131nda ne kavrayabilmi\u015fse b\u00fct\u00fcn bildi\u011fi de o kadard\u0131r. E\u011fer \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclecek olursa, hi\u00e7 kitap okumam\u0131\u015f olmak bize garip gelecektir. Iss\u0131z Arabistan \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnde kendi g\u00f6z\u00fcyle g\u00f6rebildi\u011fi veya belirsiz baz\u0131 s\u00f6ylentiler yoluyla i\u015fittikleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u015fey bilemezdi. Kendisinden \u00f6ncekilerin ve kendisinden uzakta bulunanlar\u0131n bilgilerini de Muhammed i\u00e7in yok saymak gerekirdi. &#8230;O orada, \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn derinliklerine g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olarak yapayaln\u0131zd\u0131r. Ve \u00f6ylece b\u00fcy\u00fcmek zorundad\u0131r. Tabiat ve kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle ba\u015fba\u015fa.\u201d(91-92)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Safi samimiyet: \u201cHakk\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok \u015fey s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f olmakla birlikte Muhammed zevk d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc bir insan de\u011fildi. E\u011fer onu birtak\u0131m a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k zevk ve duygular\u0131n, hatta herhangi bir hazz\u0131n tatminini kendine gaye edinmi\u015f adi bir zevk d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrsek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hataya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oluruz. Son derece sade bir ev hayat\u0131 vard\u0131 Muhammed\u2019in! B\u00fct\u00fcn yiyip i\u00e7ti\u011fi arpa ekme\u011finden ve sudan ibaretti. Bazan aylar boyu oca\u011f\u0131nda ate\u015f yand\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmazd\u0131. \u00c7oraplar\u0131n\u0131 kendisinin onard\u0131\u011f\u0131, h\u0131rkas\u0131n\u0131 kendisinin yamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakl\u0131 bir gururla kaydedilir. Muhammed hep \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7abalayan yoksul bir adamd\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k insanlar\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131 onu hi\u00e7 ilgilendirmezdi. Bence o hi\u00e7 de fena bir adam de\u011fildi! Onda herhangi bir h\u0131rstan \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcce bir \u015feyler vard\u0131. Yoksa yirmi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l onun buyru\u011funda, onunla omuz omuza d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fen o vah\u015fi Araplar ona b\u00f6ylesine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler miydi? Bunlar s\u0131k s\u0131k birbirleriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan, y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir co\u015fkunlukla birbirlerine d\u00fc\u015fen vah\u015fi insanlard\u0131. Ger\u00e7ek bir yetenek ve yi\u011fitli\u011fe sahip olmayan kimse onlar\u0131 y\u00f6netemezdi. Ona Peygamber mi diyorlard\u0131? Evet! Kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda apa\u00e7\u0131k duran, hi\u00e7bir s\u0131r perdesiyle \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc olmayan, herkesin g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde h\u0131rkas\u0131n\u0131 yamayan, sava\u015fan, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bulunan bu adama Peygamber diyorlard\u0131. Kendisine ne isim verilirse verilsin, onun nas\u0131l bir adam oldu\u011funu elbette ki g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Ba\u015f\u0131nda ta\u00e7 bulunan hi\u00e7bir imparator kendi eliyle yamanm\u0131\u015f h\u0131rka giyen bu adam kadar sayg\u0131 g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir! Yirmi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7etin bir deneme boyunca ona kesinlikle itaat edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6yle bir imtihandan ancak ger\u00e7ek bir Kahraman  ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kabilir.\u201d(118)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Riyan\u0131n Yoklu\u011fu\u201c&#8230;Ben Muhammed\u2019i riyadan tamamen ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir insan oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in severim. .. G\u00f6steri\u015f ve kibirden ho\u015flanmaz, ama a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tevazuu da sevmez.  Kendi elleriyle onard\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0131rkas\u0131 ve papu\u00e7lar\u0131yla oldu\u011fu gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyi sever. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130ran \u015eahlar\u0131na, Yunan Krallar\u0131na neyi yapmalar\u0131 gerekiyorsa, onu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6yler. Kendini bilen bir insand\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in kendini herkese yeterince sayd\u0131r\u0131r. Bedevilerle yap\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00fcm-kal\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131nda vah\u015fi, kanl\u0131 olaylardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lamaz. Ama yine de b\u00f6yle bir sava\u015fta bile ba\u011f\u0131\u015flama, ac\u0131ma gibi soylu davran\u0131\u015flara rastlan\u0131r. Muhammed bu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ne birincisini mazur g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, ne de  ikincileri i\u00e7in \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcr. Onlar\u0131n her biri de kendi h\u00fcr iradesinin  bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, o anda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. O bir y\u00fcze g\u00fcl\u00fcc\u00fc veya i\u015fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in tatl\u0131 dil kullanan insanlardan de\u011fildir. Gerekti\u011finde \u015fiddet g\u00f6stermesini bilir ve a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6zl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Tebuk Sava\u015f\u0131ndan s\u0131k s\u0131k s\u00f6z eder: \u201cAdamlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 havan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hasat mevsiminin gelmi\u015f oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcmek istememi\u015fti. Muhammed bu olay\u0131 hi\u00e7 unutmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hasat m\u0131? Bu bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015ftir. B\u00fct\u00fcn Ebediyet s\u00fcresince alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z hasat  ne olacak? Havan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na gelince, evet hava s\u0131cak olmas\u0131na s\u0131cakt\u0131r. Ama Cehennem daha da s\u0131cak! Bazan da ac\u0131, fakat alayc\u0131 bir dille konu\u015fur. \u0130nan\u00e7s\u0131zlara \u015f\u00f6yle der: Mah\u015ferde, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u015flerin en adil bir \u015fekilde hesab\u0131n\u0131 verece\u011finizden  \u015f\u00fcpheniz olmas\u0131n. Bunlar dikkatle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcye vurulacak, hakk\u0131n\u0131z yenmeyecektir!&#8230; Muhammed her yerde g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7e\u011fe diker, onu g\u00f6r\u00fcr, y\u00fcrekten hisseder. Ve onun y\u00fcceli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dili tutulmu\u015f gibi olur. \u2018\u015e\u00fcphesiz\u2019 der. Bu kelime Kur\u2019an\u2019da bazan ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir c\u00fcmle anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u2018\u015e\u00fcphesiz\u2019. (119-120)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Davas\u0131ndaki Ciddiyeti: \u201c Muhammed\u2019de amat\u00f6rce bir ilgiye rastlanmaz. Bu onun i\u00e7in bir Kurtulu\u015f, bir zaman ve Ebediyet davas\u0131d\u0131r. Onu son derece ciddiyetle ele al\u0131r. Amat\u00f6rce ilgi, faraziye, nazariye, ger\u00e7e\u011fi amat\u00f6rce aray\u0131\u015f, ger\u00e7ekle oynay\u0131p cilvele\u015fmek: Muhammed i\u00e7in bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcnaht\u0131r, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilecek b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n anas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir durum insan\u0131n y\u00fcre\u011finin ve ruhunun Ger\u00e7e\u011fe a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olu\u015fundan, insan\u0131n bo\u015f bir g\u00f6steri\u015f i\u00e7inde ya\u015famas\u0131ndan do\u011far (120).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u015eehvet \u0130ddias\u0131n\u0131n Reddi: \u201cMuhammed bu nikahl\u0131 velinimetiyle (Hz. Hatice) sevgi ve s\u00fckunet dolu bir evlilik hayat\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve sadece onu sevmi\u015ftir. Gen\u00e7lik \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6ylesine m\u00fcstesna, b\u00f6ylesine sakin ve m\u00fctevazi bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7irmi\u015f olu\u015fu, onun bir sahtekar oldu\u011fu nazariyesini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde baltalar. K\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131na gelinceye kadar ilahi bir g\u00f6rev ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z etmemi\u015ftir. Kendisine atfedilen-ger\u00e7ek veya ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131- b\u00fct\u00fcn  d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fckler, Muhammed elli ya\u015f\u0131na geldikten ve Hatice \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra ba\u015flar. Buna g\u00f6re, o zamana kadar Muhammed\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn \u201cihtiras\u0131\u201d d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir hayat ge\u00e7irmekten ibaretmi\u015f. \u0130yi bir \u015f\u00f6hret ve onu tan\u0131yanlar\u0131n kendisi hakk\u0131ndaki iyi kanaatleri o tarihe kadar ona yetiyormu\u015f. Yani, \u201cd\u00fcnya nimetlerinden yararlanmak\u201d i\u00e7in ya\u015flanmay\u0131, gen\u00e7lik ate\u015finin s\u00f6nmesini ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kendisine bir i\u00e7 huzurundan ba\u015fka verecek bir \u015feyi kalmamas\u0131n\u0131 beklemi\u015f ve sonra da art\u0131k tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir zevki elde etmek i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn ge\u00e7mi\u015fini ve karakterini inkar edercesine sefil bir \u015farlatan olmu\u015f!.. Ben kendi hesab\u0131ma b\u00f6yle bir \u015feye katiyen inanmam.\u201d(93-94)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u0130slam f\u0131trat dinidir: \u201c \u2018E\u011fer \u0130slam buysa\u201d der, Goethe, \u201cbiz hepimiz \u0130slam\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u2019 Evet, manevi bir hayata sahip olan herkes \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bir insan i\u00e7in en y\u00fcce bilgelik Zorunlu\u011fa ba\u015f e\u011fmek de\u011fildir, -zira Zorunluk kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bunu nas\u0131l olsa mecburen yapacakt\u0131r-, Zorunlu\u011fun gerektirdi\u011fi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz \u015feyin en ak\u0131ll\u0131ca, en iyi ve en \u00e7ok istenen \u015fey oldu\u011funu bilmek ve buna inanmakt\u0131r. Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 kendi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck beyniyle \u00f6l\u00e7mek gibi \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca bir  hevesten vazge\u00e7mek, onun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmez bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu kabullenmekle birlikte, adil bir Yasa\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve bunun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn, ruhunun \u0130yi oldu\u011funa ger\u00e7ekten inanmak.. Buradaki, bunun i\u00e7indeki kendi rol\u00fcn\u00fc bu Genel Yasa\u2019ya uymak ve onun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini tevekk\u00fclle, sessizce, sorgusuz-sualsiz itaat etmekten ibaret saymak&#8230; <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Bence \u015fimdiye kadar bilinen tek ger\u00e7ek ahlak budur. Bir insan ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn sathi kurallar\u0131, ge\u00e7ici g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri, kar ve zarar hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 bir yana b\u0131rakarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc ve b\u00fcy\u00fck Yasa\u2019s\u0131na uydu\u011funda d\u00fcr\u00fcst, yenilmez, faziletli ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilir. Ve ancak bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ana Yasa ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi ederek zafere ula\u015fabilir.\u201d (97-98)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u0130slam k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 zoruyla m\u0131 yay\u0131ld\u0131? Muhammed\u2019in, Dinini k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcyle yaymas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fey s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Fakat bu hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz, kendisini bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir yolla, sadece vaiz ve telkinle yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6v\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k kadar soylu bir vas\u0131tad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc e\u011fer bu vas\u0131tay\u0131 bir dinin hak veya bat\u0131l olu\u015fu i\u00e7in bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc olarak ele al\u0131rsak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hataya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oluruz. Evet, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7! Ama k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 nereden buluyorsunuz? Her yeni fikir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bir ki\u015fiden ibaret bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mal\u0131d\u0131r. Sadece bir tek insan\u0131n kafas\u0131nda tutunabilmi\u015ftir. Koca d\u00fcnyada ona bir tek ki\u015fi inan\u0131yor: B\u00fct\u00fcn insanlara kar\u015f\u0131 bir ki\u015fi! Bu adam\u0131n eline bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 alarak fikrini onunla yayma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 pek i\u015fe yaramaz. Fakat \u00f6nce k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 bulmak gerekir. K\u0131sacas\u0131, bir fikir nas\u0131l olursa \u00f6yle yay\u0131l\u0131r. Eline bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ge\u00e7irdi\u011finde H\u0131ristiyan dini de onu kullanmaktan \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir. \u015earlman\u2019\u0131n, Saksonlar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan yap\u0131\u015f\u0131 vaiz yoluyla olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ben bu k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 meselesiyle pek ilgilenmem. Zira bu d\u00fcnyada bir \u015feyin kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la, s\u00f6zle veya tedarik edebilece\u011fi di\u011fer herhangi bir ara\u00e7la sava\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131m. B\u0131rakal\u0131m da vaiz versin, risaleler yay\u0131nlas\u0131n, d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcn, var g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00e7abalas\u0131n, gagas\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u0131rnaklar\u0131n\u0131 veya nesi varsa onu kullans\u0131n. Ama ne yaparsa yaps\u0131n, sonunda neyi kazanmaya hakk\u0131 varsa sadece onu kazanabilece\u011fi muhakkakt\u0131r.(103-104).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u0130slamiyetin hakkaniyeti: \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn o Arap putperestli\u011finin sa\u00e7mal\u0131klar\u0131, Yunan ve Yahudi\u2019nin tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 teolojileri,gelenekleri ve incelikleri, rivayet ve nazariyeleri ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n bitmez-t\u00fckenmez m\u00fcnaka\u015falar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan, \u00f6l\u00fcm kadar, hayat kadar ciddi olan o saf ve samimiyet dolu y\u00fcre\u011fi, o derin tabii sezgisi ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle bu vah\u015fi \u00c7\u00f6l \u00c7ocu\u011fu \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, meselenin \u00f6z\u00fcne n\u00fcfuz etmi\u015ftir.  Putperestlik bir hi\u00e7tir. Tahtadan putlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u2018ya\u011f ve mumla parlat\u0131yorsunuz, \u00fczerlerine sinekler yap\u0131\u015f\u0131yor\u2019. Bunlar tahta par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan ibarettir diyorum size! Onlar\u0131n size hi\u00e7bir yarar\u0131 yoktur. K\u00fcf\u00fcrle dolu, aciz korkuluklardan ibarettirler. \u0130\u00e7y\u00fczleri deh\u015fet ve tiksinti yarat\u0131r. Bir tek Tanr\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca O\u2019dur g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan! Bizi yaratan O\u2019dur. Bizi \u00f6ld\u00fcren de ya\u015fatan da O\u2019dur: \u2018Allah-u Ekber\u2019. Biliniz ki, O\u2019nun iradesi sizin i\u00e7in en hay\u0131rl\u0131 olan\u0131d\u0131r. O irade sizin et ve kemikten  yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bedeninizi ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lara sokarsa soksun, siz yine de O\u2019nu en hay\u0131rl\u0131, en ak\u0131ll\u0131ca \u015fey olarak kabul edeceksiniz. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">E\u011fer \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn putperest vah\u015fileri buna ger\u00e7ekten inanm\u0131\u015flar ve onu ate\u015fli y\u00fcreklerine bast\u0131r\u0131p ibadete ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flarsa, bence bunda inan\u0131lmaya de\u011fer bir \u015fey vard\u0131r. Hangi \u015fekli alt\u0131nda olursa olsun, bu, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlarca inan\u0131lmaya de\u011fer tek \u015feydir. \u0130nsan onun sayesinde D\u00fcnya Mabedinin ba\u015f rahibi olur. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 Yaratan\u0131n  Buyru\u011fu, \u0130radesi ile uyu\u015fur. Bununla i\u015fbirli\u011fi ederek, bo\u015f yere ak\u0131nt\u0131ya k\u00fcrek \u00e7ekmez: Ben bug\u00fcne kadar Vazife\u2019nin bundan daha iyi  bir tarifine rastlam\u0131\u015f de\u011filim. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek e\u011filimine uymak do\u011fru olan her \u015feyi kapsar. Bu sayede ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131, iyi ve do\u011fru yolda olursunuz. ..\u00d6nemli olan birtak\u0131m soyutlamalar\u0131n, mant\u0131k \u00f6nermelerinin  do\u011fru veya yanl\u0131\u015f ifade edilmi\u015f olu\u015fu de\u011fil; g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclen, elle tutulan, k\u0131sacas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten ya\u015fayan ki\u015filerin, insano\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n ona y\u00fcrekten ba\u011flanmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130slam b\u00fct\u00fcn bu bo\u015f, geveze mezheplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sona erdirmi\u015ftir ve bence bunda hakl\u0131d\u0131r da. \u0130slam do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Tabiat\u0131n Ba\u011fr\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir Ger\u00e7ektir. Arap putperestlikleri, Suriye t\u00f6releri ve onun ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yetersiz kalan daha ne varsa hepsi de yan\u0131p k\u00fcl olmaya mahkumdular. T\u0131pk\u0131 ate\u015f kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki kuru odun par\u00e7alar\u0131 gibi&#8230;(107-108).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u015eeriat\u0131n Ta\u2019dili H\u00fck\u00fcmleri:  \u201cOnun g\u00f6z yummak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fckler ger\u00e7ekte onun eseri olmay\u0131p, Arabistan\u2019da \u00e7ok eskiden beri uygulana gelen adetlerdir. Onun b\u00fct\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bunlar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nleriyle k\u0131s\u0131tlamak ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar yasaklamak olmu\u015ftur. Onun dini hi\u00e7 de kolay bir din de\u011fildir: \u00e7etin oru\u00e7lar, abdestler, kat\u0131 ve girift kaideler, g\u00fcnde be\u015f vakit namaz ve \u015farap i\u00e7me yasa\u011f\u0131ndan olu\u015fur. \u2018Kolay bir din olarak  ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f\u2019 de\u011fildir. Esasen hi\u00e7bir din veya dini dava bu surette ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015famaz. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n kolayl\u0131k, zevklere ula\u015fmak \u00fcmidi, d\u00fcnya veya ahirette m\u00fckafatland\u0131r\u0131lmak gibi basit saiklerle kahramanca i\u015flere giri\u015febileceklerini s\u00f6ylemek, onlara yap\u0131labilecek en b\u00fcy\u00fck iftirad\u0131r. En a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k insan\u0131n y\u00fcre\u011finde bile bundan daha  asil bir \u015fey vard\u0131r. &#8230;\u0130nsan\u0131n kolay bir hayat ve zevklerle elde edilebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyenler insana haks\u0131zl\u0131k etmektedirler. \u0130nsan y\u00fcre\u011fini as\u0131l cezbeden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck, feragat, fedakarl\u0131k, \u015fehidlik, \u00f6l\u00fcm gibi kavramlard\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7indeki hayat verici ate\u015fi bir kere tutu\u015fturdunuz muydu, b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k hesaplar\u0131 yak\u0131p k\u00fcl edecek bir aleve  kavu\u015facaks\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130stenen mutluluk de\u011fil, ondan \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcce bir \u015feydir. Bunu en b\u00fcy\u00fck zevk d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc, en gayesiz g\u00f6r\u00fcnen z\u00fcmrelerde bile \u2018\u015feref anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019 ve benzeri kavramlarda bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.Bir din, kaba i\u015ftahlar\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k arzular\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6n\u00fcllerde yatan Kahramanl\u0131k duygusunu uyand\u0131rarak kazanabilir.\u201d (117) <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u0130slam ve Araplar: \u201c \u0130slam, Arap kavmi i\u00e7in karanl\u0131ktan ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa do\u011fu\u015ftur. Arabistan onun sayesinde ilk defa canl\u0131l\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beri \u00e7\u00f6llerde ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f dola\u015fan, kimsenin tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7obanl\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan zavall\u0131 bir kavim, inan\u0131l\u0131r bir s\u00f6zle birlikte G\u00f6kten indirilen bir Peygamber-Kahramana kavu\u015fuyor. Kimsenin tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kavim b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya \u00fcn sal\u0131yor, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyor ve Arabistan bir yandan Granada\u2019ya, \u00f6te yandan Delhi\u2019ye kadar uzan\u0131yor. \u00c7evresine cesaret, ihti\u015fam ve deha \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 sa\u00e7arak y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesimi  \u00fczerinde bir g\u00fcne\u015f gibi par\u0131ld\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc inan\u00e7, b\u00fcy\u00fck, hayat veren bir \u015feydir. Bir kavim, inan\u00e7 sahibi olursa verimli, y\u00fcceltici bir tarihe kavu\u015fur. Bu Araplar, bu Muhammed denen insan ve o bir tek as\u0131r: de\u011fersiz, kara bir kum y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131ndan ibaret g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir \u00fclkeye d\u00fc\u015fen bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan, bir tek k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mdan ba\u015fka ne olabilir bu?\u201d (126). <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">Hz Muhammed\u2019in Risaletini Tasdik: \u201c&#8230;biz Muhammed\u2019i asla bir Bat\u0131l, bir tasannucu, zavall\u0131 ve haris bir entrikac\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek istemiyoruz. Onu bu \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Getirdi\u011fi o basit mesaj da ger\u00e7ekti: bilinmez derinliklerden gelen ciddi ve belirsiz bir ses! Onun ne s\u00f6zleri, ne de eserleri sahteydi. Bat\u0131l ve taklit de\u011fillerdi. Tabiat-anan\u0131n o geni\u015f g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnden f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ate\u015ften bir Hayat k\u00fcl\u00e7esi! D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ona d\u00fcnyay\u0131 tutu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015fti. Muhammed\u2019e y\u00fcklenen kusurlar, noksanlar, samimiyetsizlikler ger\u00e7ekten ispatlanabilmi\u015f olsalard\u0131 bile onun hakk\u0131ndaki bu temel ger\u00e7e\u011fi y\u0131kamazlard\u0131.\u201d(s.83)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"> \u201cHay\u0131r! Bu parlak siyah g\u00f6zl\u00fc, toplumu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen y\u00fcce ruhlu \u00c7\u00f6l \u00c7ocu\u011funda \u015fahsi ihtiras\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler vard\u0131. Sessiz, y\u00fcce bir ruh.O, d\u00fcr\u00fcst ve ciddi davranmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131namayan ender insanlardand\u0131. Tabiat Ana onu samimi olmak \u00fczere yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ..O kendi ruhu ve e\u015fyan\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ile ba\u015f ba\u015fa kalm\u0131\u015f bir insand\u0131. .. o b\u00fcy\u00fck Varolu\u015f Muammas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn deh\u015fet ve ihti\u015fam\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda parl\u0131yordu. Hi\u00e7bir s\u00f6ylenti bu s\u00f6z\u00fc edilemez ger\u00e7e\u011fi ondan gizleyemezdi: \u201c\u0130\u015fte ben buraday\u0131m!\u201d.. B\u00f6yle bir adam\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Tabiat\u0131n \u00d6zvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Sesi idi.   \u0130nsanlar bu s\u00f6z\u00fc dinlerler. Dinlemeliler de.  Ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi dinlemedikleri gibi. &#8230;\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bundan ba\u015fka her \u015fey, bununla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bo\u015f laftan ibarettir. Ta eskiden beri b\u00fct\u00fcn kutsal ziyaret ve seyahatlerinde bu adamda binlerce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Ben neyim? \u0130nsanlar\u0131n Evren ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu s\u0131rr\u0131na var\u0131lmaz \u015eey nedir? Hayat nedir, \u00f6l\u00fcm nedir? Hira Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, Sina Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sarp kayal\u0131klar\u0131, vah\u015fi \u0131ss\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6ller bu sorulara hi\u00e7bir cevap vermiyordu. Mavi p\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131larla yanan y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131yla ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde sessizce uzanan o b\u00fcy\u00fck G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc de bunlara cevap vermiyordu. Hi\u00e7bir cevap yoktu. Bu sorulara ancak tanr\u0131 ilham\u0131yla dolu olan insan\u0131n kendi ruhu cevap verebilirdi.\u201d(94-95)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u0130htiras? B\u00fct\u00fcn Arabistan bu insana ne verebilir ki? Yunanl\u0131 Heraklius\u2019un tac\u0131, \u0130ran \u015eahlar\u0131n\u0131n tac\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyadaki b\u00fct\u00fcn ta\u00e7lar onun i\u00e7in ne ifade eder ki? Onun i\u015fitmek istedi\u011fi \u015feyler yery\u00fcz\u00fcne de\u011fil, yukar\u0131daki Cennete ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki Cehenneme aittir. B\u00fct\u00fcn ta\u00e7lar ve saltanatlar birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde nerede olacaklard\u0131r? Mekke veya Arabistan \u015eeyhi olmak ve eline yald\u0131zl\u0131 bir tahta par\u00e7as\u0131 almak insan\u0131 kurtarmaya yeter mi? Eminim ki hay\u0131r! Muhammed\u2019in bir sahtekar oldu\u011fu faraziyesini inan\u0131lmas\u0131 imkans\u0131z oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tamamen bir kenara itece\u011fiz. Hatta bu inanmak bir yana ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclecek bir iddia dahi de\u011fildir ve bize yak\u0131\u015fan onu kesinlikle reddetmektir.\u201d (96)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\u201cNovalis, \u2018En b\u00fcy\u00fck mucize Tanr\u0131\u2019y\u0131 haber veren  \u0130nan\u00e7 de\u011fil midir?\u2019 der. Muhammed\u2019in bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ger\u00e7e\u011fin (vahy hakikati) aleviyle tutu\u015fmu\u015f ruhunun bu olayda \u00f6nemli bir \u015fey, daha do\u011frusu \u00f6nemli olan tek \u015feyi sezmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok tabiidir. Tanr\u0131 ona ger\u00e7e\u011fi ilham etmek ve onun ruhunu \u00f6l\u00fcmden, karanl\u0131klardan kurtarmakla ona e\u015fsiz bir \u015feref vermi\u015ftir. \u00d6yleyse o da ayn\u0131 \u015feyi di\u011fer yarat\u0131klara yapmakla g\u00f6revlidir: \u2018Muhammed Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n peygamberidir\u2019 s\u00f6z\u00fc i\u015fte bunu anlatmaktad\u0131r ve ger\u00e7ekten anlaml\u0131 bir s\u00f6zd\u00fcr.\u201d (98-99)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"> Carlyle\u2019\u0131n bu \u201c\u015fehadetleri\u201dni okurken kalbim b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u201chuzur\u201d hissiyle doldu. Said Nursi\u2019nin \u201c\u015eeytan\u2019la M\u00fcnazara\u201ds\u0131 da arka planda zihnime e\u015flik etti. Evet, hakikatin \u00e7ok sureti olsa da mahiyeti tektir. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\">\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>03.05.2003 TAKL\u0130TTEN TAHK\u0130KE:\u00c7A\u011eDA\u015e BATI D\u00dcNYASINDA PEYGAMBER \u0130MAJININ D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e\u00dcM\u00dc VE THOMAS CARLYLE\u2019IN \u201cKAHRAMANLAR\u2019I\u201d I On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 misyonerlik faaliyetleri Evanjelik Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Oryantalist zihniyetin deste\u011findeki bu \u201cHa\u00e7l\u0131 seferleri\u201dnde, Katolikli\u011fin \u201cKilise d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kurtulu\u015f yoktur\u201d akidesi \u201cH\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kurtulu\u015f yoktur\u201d \u015fekline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131lan misyonerlik metinlerinde \u0130slam\u2019dan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fi \u00f6zendirmek amac\u0131yla H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019a \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[204],"class_list":["post-90079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Thomas Carlyle&#039;nin Kahramanlar&#039;\u0131 - Karakalem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thomas Carlyle&#039;nin Kahramanlar&#039;\u0131 - Karakalem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"03.05.2003 TAKL\u0130TTEN TAHK\u0130KE:\u00c7A\u011eDA\u015e BATI D\u00dcNYASINDA PEYGAMBER \u0130MAJININ D\u00d6N\u00dc\u015e\u00dcM\u00dc VE THOMAS CARLYLE\u2019IN \u201cKAHRAMANLAR\u2019I\u201d I On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 misyonerlik faaliyetleri Evanjelik Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. 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