17.02.2005<\/p>\n
HER \u0130NSAN asl\u0131nda bir Robinson mudur? \u0130nsanlar ger\u00e7ekten de bir zamanlar yaln\u0131z adalar halinde mi ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131? S\u00f6zle\u015fmeci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin iddia etti\u011fi gibi, insan t\u00fcr\u00fc toplum-\u00f6ncesi bir hayat d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fad\u0131 m\u0131? \u2018\u00d6teki\u2019nin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, z\u0131tlar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2018nur\u2019 ve \u2018kir\u2019in farkl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fmelerden akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e2lem olabilir mi d\u00fcnya? \u0130nsan, cinlerin itiraz ettikleri gibi, kan d\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc ve asi bir varl\u0131k olarak, hemcinsleriyle bir arada ya\u015fama ehliyetine sahip de\u011fil midir? Ya da, \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019 olarak insan insan\u0131n cehennemi midir ger\u00e7ekten?<\/p>\n
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Yoksa, \u2018toplumsal\/meden\u00ee\u2019 hayat, f\u0131trat\u0131 meden\u00ee olan insan\u0131n z\u00e2t\u00ee ya\u015fama bi\u00e7imi midir? \u0130stisnalar\u0131n kural\u0131 teyid etti\u011fi kavlinden hareketle, Robinson\u2019lar\u0131 ve Ebu Zer\u2019leri, benzerlikleri olan ama nitelik itibar\u0131yla farkl\u0131 istisnalar olarak m\u0131 g\u00f6rmek gerekir? F\u0131trat\u0131 meden\u00ee olan insan yaln\u0131z ya\u015fayabilir mi? Dahas\u0131, bu arzu edilir bir durum mudur?<\/p>\n
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Sabah uykudan g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z andan itibaren, kendinizi sizden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak konmu\u015f kurallar yuma\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulman\u0131z ne anlama gelir? \u0130nsanlar\u0131n topluluklar halinde, \u2018toplum\u2019 olarak ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan \u015fey nedir? Yoksa, liberteryenlerin iddia etti\u011fi gibi, toplum diye bir\u015fey sahiden yok mudur? Toplum sak\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir karabasan m\u0131d\u0131r? Ya da, merdumgirizlik insan f\u0131trat\u0131na i\u00e7kin bir halet midir?<\/p>\n
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\u0130NG\u0130L\u0130Z \u0130\u00c7 SAVA\u015eININ \u00d6L\u00dcM korkusuna esir yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Thomas Hobbes i\u00e7in \u2018insan insan\u0131n kurdu\u2019ydu. \u2018Di\u011ferleri\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onun var olma ve m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na potansiyel bir sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ifadesiydi. Toplumsal olarak var olabilmenin tek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn yolu, insanlar\u0131n insan olarak sahip olduklar\u0131 t\u00fcm haklar\u0131n\u0131 tek tarafl\u0131 olarak bir H\u00e2kim-i Mutlak\u2019a (Leviathan) devretmeleriydi. Toplumsal hayat bir t\u00fcr ehven-i \u015ferdi.<\/p>\n
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Asl\u0131nda, toplumsal hayat\u0131 bu \u2018do\u011fal durum\u2019 tablosu i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirmek bug\u00fcn de yayg\u0131n bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de arac\u0131yla trafi\u011fe \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca k\u00fcfretmeyen, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayan, hatta \u00f6ld\u00fcrme arzusuyla dolmayan insan say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fil. Ya da evinin i\u00e7ine \u2018zorla\u2019 n\u00fcfuz eden her \u00e7e\u015fit ses ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, insan\u0131 insan\u0131n kurdu gibi g\u00f6steren bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye yol a\u00e7m\u0131yor mu?<\/p>\n
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Ama belki de, insan\u0131 insan\u0131n kurdu yapan bizim alg\u0131lama bi\u00e7imimiz. Trafi\u011fe ya da istenmeyen g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 kendimizi \u2018kodlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u2019 de\u011ferlerdir bunlara y\u00fckledi\u011fimiz anlamlar\u0131 belirleyen. Bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, istenmeyen reel olumsuzluklar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaktan \u00e7ok daha kolay. Mesele, galiba, kimilerimizin \u2018imk\u00e2ns\u0131z\u0131 isteme\u2019yi \u2018m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olana tutku\u2019yla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131.<\/p>\n
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Varolu\u015f bireysel olarak m\u0131, yoksa toplumsal \u00f6l\u00e7ekte mi anlam kazan\u0131r? \u0130skender\u2019e, \u201cG\u00f6lge etme, ba\u015fka ihsan istemem\u201d diyen Diyojen, ger\u00e7ekte toplumsal hayat\u0131 be\u015fer\u00ee mutlulu\u011fun \u00f6-n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engel olarak g\u00f6ren bir Epik\u00fcrc\u00fcyd\u00fc. Ancak burada toplumsal olan\u0131 reddetme ger\u00e7ekte onun d\u00fcnyev\u00ee hazlar\u0131 ac\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 niteli\u011finden kaynaklanmaktayd\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 muhaf\u0131zlarla koruyan; al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, dinlendi\u011fi, e\u011flendi\u011fi, okudu\u011fu ortamlar\u0131 \u2018topluma de\u011fmeyecek\u2019 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenleyen; \u2018pembe dizi\u2019lerde sergilenen bir hayat ya\u015fayan ki\u015filerin di\u011fer insanlara bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 bundan farkl\u0131 de\u011fil. Polisinin binlerce sokak \u00e7ocu\u011funu \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yoksul \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n restoranlardaki ekmekliklere \u2018\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sorti yaparak\u2019 ekmek \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sosyal ortam\u0131n \u2018f\u0131rsat maliyeti\u2019dir \u2018pembe hayatlar\u2019\u0131 idame eden. Birinde saf hazza ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in engel olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen toplum, di\u011ferinde s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z hazc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engele d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
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Nefis hesab\u0131na yap\u0131lan bu toplum reddiyesinin yan\u0131nda, nefsi a\u015fmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bir toplum reddiyesi de g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u2018Yaln\u0131z ya\u015fay\u0131p yaln\u0131z vefat eden\u2019 Ebu Zer\u2019in yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir reddin ifadesidir. O, yaln\u0131z ya\u015famay\u0131, her yerde \u2018h\u00e2z\u0131r ve n\u00e2z\u0131r\u2019 olan Allah\u2019la, deyim yerindeyse, bir \u2018halvet\u2019 hali olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Toplumsal hayat bu a\u00e7\u0131dan onun tevhid y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir \u2018masiva\u2019yd\u0131, bir perdeydi.<\/p>\n
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Peki bu, \u2018halvet der enc\u00fcmen\u2019in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 g\u00f6sterir? \u2018Halk i\u00e7inde Hak\u2019la beraber olman\u0131n\u2019 yolu, mesel\u00e2, kimilerinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Ankara\u2019da ya\u015fay\u0131p da K\u0131z\u0131lay\u2019a hi\u00e7 gitmemi\u015f olmak m\u0131d\u0131r? \u201cEli ile arpa eke, g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fcnyadan \u00e7eke\u201d diyen Yunus gibi, toplumun temsil etti\u011fi \u2018kesret\u2019i tevhide d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek neden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131n? <\/p>\n
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Kalabal\u0131klar i\u00e7inde yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakalamak, Rabbimizle be\u015f vakit halvet etmek, bunun en kolay yolu. G\u00fcnahlara m\u00fcba\u015feret m\u00fcmk\u00fcnken onlar\u0131 i\u015flememektir takva. Toplumsal olandan kaynaklanan g\u00fcnahlardan korunman\u0131n yolu, ki\u015finin kendisini toplumdan bir tecrit duvar\u0131yla ay\u0131rmas\u0131 de\u011fil, o g\u00fcnahlara kar\u015f\u0131 dua ve ubudiyetle z\u0131rhlanmas\u0131, manev\u00ee ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Zaten modern teknoloji, toplumsal olan\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu o-lumsuzluklar\u0131n \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 mahrem alan\u0131m\u0131za s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131madan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u2018hi\u00e7 K\u0131z\u0131lay\u2019a gitmemi\u015f olmak,\u2019 iyiniyetli bir naiflikten ba\u015fka bir\u015fey de\u011fildir. Asl\u0131nda, toplumsal olan\u0131n m\u00fclk\u00fcne de\u011fil de melek\u00fbtuna bakabilmek, onu masiva olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Meselenin d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc \u2018niyet ve nazar\u2019 bi\u00e7imimizdir.<\/p>\n
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Bilge Stoac\u0131 Epiktetos\u2019un dedi\u011fi gibi:<\/p>\n
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\u201cYaln\u0131zken \u00e7\u00f6lde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylersin. B\u00fcy\u00fck kibar muhitlerde de haydutlar\u0131n, h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n, hilek\u00e2rlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylersin. Akrabandan, kar\u0131ndan, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan, dostlar\u0131ndan ve kom\u015fular\u0131ndan \u015fikayet edersin. E\u011fer ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir adam olsayd\u0131n, yaln\u0131z kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n zaman dinlenmekte oldu\u011funu, kendi kendinden zevk ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ilahlara benzedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylerdin. Kalabal\u0131k i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fun vakit de s\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ve buna bir bo\u015f g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc diyece\u011fine bir bayram, bir \u015fenlik, umum\u00ee e\u011flence derdin ve b\u00f6ylece her zaman mesud olurdun.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Mekanik materyalizmin babas\u0131 Feuerbach, \u201c\u0130nsan ne yiyorsa odur\u201d demi\u015fti. Ger\u00e7ekte insan nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsa odur. \u201cG\u00fczel g\u00f6ren g\u00fczel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr.\u201d O zaman, k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve dal\u00e2let d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda her hal, bir hamd vesilesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Toplumsal hayat da bir m\u00fccahede ve m\u00fccadele meydan\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
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Toplumsal hayat\u0131n kendisi de\u011fil, onun reddedilmesi ya da yok say\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r, m\u00fc\u2019min insan\u0131 s\u0131kbo\u011faz edecek olan. Toplumla ya\u015fayabilmenin yolu, ona de\u011fmeden ya\u015famaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan de\u011fil, toplumsal olan\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu eziyet, s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ve g\u00fcnahlarla \u2018y\u00fczle\u015ferek\u2019 m\u00fc\u2019min\u00e2ne bir duru\u015fu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmekten ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
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Toplum halinde ya\u015faman\u0131n asl\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u2018l\u00fctuf\u2019 oldu\u011fu da, ancak o zaman farkedilebilir.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
17.02.2005 HER \u0130NSAN asl\u0131nda bir Robinson mudur? \u0130nsanlar ger\u00e7ekten de bir zamanlar yaln\u0131z adalar halinde mi ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131? S\u00f6zle\u015fmeci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin iddia etti\u011fi gibi, insan t\u00fcr\u00fc toplum-\u00f6ncesi bir hayat d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fad\u0131 m\u0131? \u2018\u00d6teki\u2019nin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, z\u0131tlar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2018nur\u2019 ve \u2018kir\u2019in farkl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fmelerden akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e2lem olabilir mi d\u00fcnya? \u0130nsan, cinlerin itiraz ettikleri gibi, kan d\u00f6k\u00fcc\u00fc ve asi bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[204],"class_list":["post-90075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar"],"yoast_head":"\n