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\u00d6NCEK\u0130 \u0130K\u0130 yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, sanayile\u015fme ile d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olgusuna ve bunun aile \u00fczerindeki etkilerine de\u011findik. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ve bize bakan y\u00f6n\u00fc ise bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Sanayile\u015fmenin, bug\u00fcn dahi \u2018\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u2019ya etki eden kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u2018i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019 gelmektedir (Bkz. Adam Smith). \u0130\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisi hem sanayi \u00fcretimi baz\u0131nda makro d\u00fczeyde, hem de aile baz\u0131nda mikro seviyede etkisini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu kavram \u00f6zellikle aile \u00fczerinde keskin bir boyut (i\u00e7erisi-d\u0131\u015far\u0131s\u0131, ev-fabrika vb.) ve i\u015f ayr\u0131m\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki resimde yer alan t\u00fcrden manzaralar yava\u015f yava\u015f tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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Resimde yer alan aile bireyleri, sanayile\u015fme ve i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle birlikte farkl\u0131 boyutlara s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sanayi \u00fcretimi (\u00f6zellikle de ilk iki evresinde) erke\u011fin sunabilece\u011fi i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc gibi kas g\u00fcc\u00fcne ve d\u00fczenli, uzun s\u00fcreli, mek\u00e2nsal k\u0131s\u0131ta dayal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte o vakit erkek, ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 modern \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mek\u00e2n\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atm\u0131\u015f ve zamanla geri d\u00f6nmekte hatta geriye d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakmakta bile zorlan\u0131r hale gelmi\u015ftir. Kad\u0131n ise sanayi \u00fcretiminin taleplerini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e buyur edilmi\u015ftir modern \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya. Nitekim sanayi \u00fcretiminin hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne kaymas\u0131 ile kad\u0131n, modern \u2018\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u2019ya daha \u00e7ok i\u015ftirak eder hale gelmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
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Sanayi \u00fcretiminden hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne kay\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6zellikle buna binaen kad\u0131n\u0131n modern \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok yer al\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bug\u00fcn geldi\u011fi noktalardan ikisine i\u015faret etmektedir. \u00d6ne \u00e7\u0131kan di\u011fer noktalar\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetleyebiliriz: \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin azal\u0131\u015f\u0131na ra\u011fmen hal\u00e2 g\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131da ge\u00e7iyor olu\u015fu, i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 farkl\u0131la\u015fsa da hal\u00e2 ba\u015fat unsur olu\u015fu, hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki yo\u011funla\u015fma ve gelir durumundaki art\u0131\u015fa binaen ev i\u00e7i hizmetin art\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00fccretin ihtiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in elde edilmesi hususundaki \u2018fazla\u2019n\u0131n iyice artmas\u0131 ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede reklam\u0131n etkinli\u011finin artmas\u0131; son olarak da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ideolojisinin g\u00f6n\u00fcllerde iyice yerle\u015fmesinden m\u00fctevellit, modern anlamdaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n h\u00e2kim toplumsal kimlik unsuru haline geli\u015fi. <\/p>\n
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\u2018\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmak\u2019, herkesi ve her zaman\u0131 ilgilendiriyor
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\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bug\u00fcn geldi\u011fi noktalar\u0131n bize bakan y\u00f6n\u00fcne dair \u00f6nemli tespitleri oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm bir isimdir Fatma Barbaroso\u011flu. O, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, konunun arkaplan\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmadan sadece bug\u00fcne ve sadece kad\u0131na dair bir sorunmu\u015f gibi ele al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirir. Bizim de \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi mesele, kad\u0131n olsun erkek olsun, sanayile\u015fmenin hemen akabinde ya da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ya\u015fas\u0131n, insan\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya dair d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmden olduk\u00e7a (ve \u00f6zellikle olumsuz y\u00f6nde) etkilenmesidir. <\/p>\n
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Barbaroso\u011flu\u2019nun \u00fczerinde durdu\u011fu ana etkile\u015fim unsuru, insan\u0131n mek\u00e2n ve zaman alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesidir. Onun, konu hakk\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi ikinci husus ise i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde geldi\u011fi noktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, gerek teknolojinin gerekse ev i\u00e7i hizmet verenlerin art\u0131\u015f\u0131na binaen, evler art\u0131k \u00fcretimin merkezi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani \u2018i\u00e7erisi\u2019 boyutundaki i\u015flerin de kendi i\u00e7inde b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi s\u00f6z konusudur. Fakat bu b\u00f6l\u00fcnme bizatihi iktisadi rasyonalite y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Zira Gorz\u2019un tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na at\u0131fla, kendi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma -ki bu aile ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evre i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alan bir kavramd\u0131r- ticari olmayan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr, fakat sanayile\u015fmi\u015f toplumlarda \u2018kendi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u2019dan geriye kalan tek \u015fey kendine bak\u0131m faaliyetleridir ve bunlar da angaryalara indirgenmi\u015ftir (bkz. ev i\u015fleri). <\/p>\n
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\u2018\u0130\u00e7erisi\u2019 ve \u2018d\u0131\u015far\u0131s\u0131\u2019
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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, ev i\u015fi t\u00fcr\u00fcnden g\u00f6revlerin daha fazla insan\u0131 me\u015fgul etmesi ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131 yutmas\u0131 (bizim i\u00e7in de\u011fil tabi) ama bu kez ticari hizmet bi\u00e7imini almas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Buna g\u00f6re, hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndekilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bizim zevkimiz iken bizim zevkimiz onlara do\u011frudan t\u00fcketti\u011fimiz i\u015fi verir. Buna binaen Gorz, ki\u015fisel hizmetlerin geli\u015fiminin ancak toplumsal e\u015fitsizli\u011fin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu dile getirir. Bu ise \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmenin tersine bir durumdur. O halde, i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ve bizdeki en yayg\u0131n \u015feklini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi g\u00f6sterebiliriz:<\/p>\n
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Buna g\u00f6re, i\u00e7erisi boyutu kendi i\u00e7inde iktisadi rasyonalite do\u011frultusunda yeniden b\u00f6l\u00fcmlenmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6rece yeni olan kad\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131s\u0131 boyutu ile i\u00e7erisi boyutu ise olduk\u00e7a ge\u00e7irgendir. Ok i\u015fareti bunu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu yeni d\u00fczende hali pek de de\u011fi\u015fmeyen tek unsurun \u2018erke\u011fin d\u0131\u015far\u0131s\u0131\u2019 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u0130ktisadi rasyonalite, sanayile\u015fme, i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ana noktalar\u0131 derken nihayetinde geldi\u011fimiz nokta \u015fudur: daha en ba\u015f\u0131ndan modern anlamdaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in sunulan e\u011fitim sistemi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen t\u00fcketim unsurlar\u0131, k\u00f6r\u00fckleyicileriyle \u00e7epe\u00e7evre sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, evden uzak, para kazanan erkekler ve yine ayn\u0131 unsurlarla \u00e7evrilen, kafas\u0131 ve g\u00f6nl\u00fc kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kad\u0131nlar… Bir de tabi bu bahsi ge\u00e7en erkek ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ailelerde yeti\u015fen \u00e7ocuklar var. <\/p>\n
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Peki, geldi\u011fimiz noktada, bu problemlere dair \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm(ler) nedir? U d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yapmak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya dair her \u015feyin tepetaklak oldu\u011fu sanayi d\u00f6neminin \u00f6ncesine, yukar\u0131daki resimde g\u00f6sterilen hale d\u00f6nmek mi? Bunun art\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 malumunuzdur. O halde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, bu s\u00fcreci anlayarak bug\u00fcn\u00fc iyi okuyup g\u00fcne uyumlu \u00f6neriler getirmektedir. <\/p>\n
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A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki liste, \u00e7e\u015fitli vesilelerle dile getirilmi\u015f makul \u00f6nerilere kendiminkileri de katarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: <\/p>\n
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Bu liste bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r sadece. Bir nebze yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 ise en b\u00fcy\u00fck dile\u011fimdir. <\/p>\n
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\u00a9\u00a02021 karakalem.net, Zeyneb Hafsa<\/p>\n
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05.11.2014 \u00d6NCEK\u0130 \u0130K\u0130 yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, sanayile\u015fme ile d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olgusuna ve bunun aile \u00fczerindeki etkilerine de\u011findik. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ve bize bakan y\u00f6n\u00fc ise bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu olacakt\u0131r. Sanayile\u015fmenin, bug\u00fcn dahi \u2018\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\u2019ya etki eden kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u2018i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019 gelmektedir (Bkz. Adam Smith). \u0130\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisi hem sanayi \u00fcretimi baz\u0131nda makro d\u00fczeyde, hem de aile baz\u0131nda mikro seviyede etkisini […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[148],"class_list":["post-88135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar"],"yoast_head":"\n