{"id":87718,"date":"2025-03-01T19:36:20","date_gmt":"2025-03-01T19:36:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.karakalem.avrupabelge.com\/karakalem\/ruandadan-mesaj-var\/"},"modified":"2025-03-01T19:36:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-01T19:36:20","slug":"ruandadan-mesaj-var","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.karakalem.avrupabelge.com\/karakalem\/ruandadan-mesaj-var\/","title":{"rendered":"Ruanda\u2019dan mesaj var"},"content":{"rendered":"

17.01.2005<\/p>\n

\u00c7OCUKLU\u011eUNDA HAR\u0130TA \u00fczerinden \u2018\u00fclke bulmaca\u2019 oyunu oynayanlar hari\u00e7 \u00e7o\u011fumuz, Ruanda diye bir \u00fclkenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, muhtemelen ancak 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda haberdar olduk. Yine de, bu \u00fclke hakk\u0131nda fazla bir\u015fey bildi\u011fimiz s\u00f6ylenemez. O y\u0131l\u0131n 6 Nisan\u2019\u0131nda ba\u015flay\u0131p y\u00fcz g\u00fcn devam eden ve yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon insan\u0131n katledilmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanan m\u00fcthi\u015f soyk\u0131r\u0131m hakk\u0131nda da…<\/p>\n

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B\u00f6yle olmas\u0131 bir bak\u0131ma normal say\u0131lmal\u0131. Zira, en ba\u015fta, Ruanda bir Afrika \u00fclkesi. Yani, sair d\u00fcnya milletleri gibi bizim de g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc dikti\u011fimiz ve Ruanda\u2019dan \u00e7ok daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beldelerini bile ezbere bildi\u011fimiz Bat\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 de\u011fil. \u0130kincisi, haritada Afrika \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 gezilerde hemencecik g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00e7arpan Zaire, Nijerya, Kenya gibi \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131nda \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kal\u0131yor. \u00d6yle ki, y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc, yaln\u0131zca 26.338 kilometrekare. Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcyle, bir Ankara bile etmiyor yani.<\/p>\n

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Afrika\u2019n\u0131n orta do\u011fusunda ve denizden 1500 metre y\u00fckseklikteki bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yayla \u00fclkenin n\u00fcfusu ise, hi\u00e7 de az de\u011fil. Daha on y\u0131l \u00f6nce n\u00fcfusunun bir milyonu soyk\u0131r\u0131ma maruz kalm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, Ruanda\u2019da halen 8.2 milyon insan ya\u015f\u0131yor. \u00dclke, hayli kalabal\u0131k bir n\u00fcfusa sahip, Afrika denildi\u011finde akla gelen fakirlik onun i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli; ama yine Afrika denildi\u011finde akla gelen \u00e7\u00f6l manzaralar\u0131 Ruanda\u2019da yok. Aksine, Ruanda bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan bir \u00fclke; ekilebilir alanlar\u0131, savanlar\u0131 ve ormanlar\u0131 az\u0131msanmayacak oranda. Ve bu diyar, 8.2 milyon insan kadar, filler ve aslanlar dahil bir\u00e7ok mahluka da ev sahipli\u011fi ediyor.<\/p>\n

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Ruanda\u2019da 1994\u2019te ya\u015fananlar, i\u00e7inde bir dizi unsuru bar\u0131nd\u0131rmakla birlikte, temelde bir \u0131rk yahut milliyet \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla ilgili. Bu \u00fclkeyi mesken tutmu\u015f iki kavim var: Hutular ve Tutsiler. Hutular\u0131n bu diyar\u0131 ne zaman mesken tuttuklar\u0131 tam olarak bilinmiyor; ama bilinen o ki, ond\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda Tutsiler Ruanda\u2019ya geldiklerinde Hutular zaten orada imi\u015f. Ve, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka diyarlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu \u015fekilde, burada da yeni yerle\u015fim yeri aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde g\u00f6\u00e7 eden ve tutunmaya kendini mecbur bilen kavim, Tutsiler, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra yerle\u015fik Hutu toplulu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flar. Say\u0131ca az olduklar\u0131 halde, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu, Ruanda Tutsilerin egemenli\u011finde bir krall\u0131k olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f; siyaset ve ekonomideki Tutsi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Hutular say\u0131ca say\u0131ca \u00e7okluklar\u0131n\u0131n z\u0131dd\u0131na, ekonomi ve siyasette Tutsilere t\u00e2bi durumda kalm\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

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Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerce talan\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sahil \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6re biraz daha ge\u00e7 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f da olsa, bundan Ruanda da nasibini alm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6nce Almanya, sonra Bel\u00e7ika bu diyar\u0131 kendine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir krall\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f. Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019nin de kom\u015fu Burundi ile birle\u015fik bir Bel\u00e7ika mandas\u0131 olarak kabul etti\u011fi Ruanda, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, 1959\u2019da ba\u015flayan isyan\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 1961\u2019de kazanm\u0131\u015f. Tam da bu noktada, yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131lda s\u0131kl\u0131kla tekrarlanan bir ironi, bir kez daha boy g\u00f6stermi\u015f. Kendisini s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftiren Bat\u0131l\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kazanan Ruanda, bir modern Bat\u0131l\u0131 olgu olarak \u2018ulus-devlet\u2019 kal\u0131b\u0131 i\u00e7inde yeniden yap\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerden 1994\u2019e, say\u0131ca kalabal\u0131k Hutular, say\u0131ca az ve vaktiyle kendilerine h\u00fckmetmi\u015f Tutsileri ya sindirerek ya da Ruanda\u2019dan s\u00fcrerek Ruanda\u2019y\u0131 bir \u2018Hutuland\u2019 haline getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Bu y\u00f6ndeki \u00e7abalar, Uganda, Burundi, Kenya, Kongo gibi kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerde ciddi bir Tutsi g\u00f6\u00e7menler n\u00fcfusunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015f. \u00dclke i\u00e7indeki n\u00fcfus da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fczde 90 Hutu, y\u00fczde 9 Tutsi \u015feklinde tecelli ederken, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hayat\u0131 ya\u015fayan Tutsiler Ruanda Yurtsever Cephesi alt\u0131nda yeniden Ruanda\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015flar. Bu minvalde, \u015fiddet, iki taraf i\u00e7in de en \u00f6nde gelen ileti\u015fim bi\u00e7imi olagelmi\u015f. Ger\u00e7i Haziran 1992\u2019de BM\u2019nin devreye girmesiyle taraflar aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; ama film as\u0131l bundan sonra kopmu\u015f. Bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan bir s\u00fcre sonra, \u00fclkede art\u0131k bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n geldi\u011fi umuduyla BM Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekildi\u011fi s\u0131rada ya\u015fanan bir olay, Tutsi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015f. 1973\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi asker\u00ee darbeden beri devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 makam\u0131nda oturan Hutu milliyet\u00e7isi General Juvenal Habyarimana\u2019n\u0131n u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcnce, Tutsilere kar\u015f\u0131 sistematik bir \u2018etnik ar\u0131nd\u0131rma\u2019 faaliyetini eskiden beri kafas\u0131na koyan <\/p>\n

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Ruanda h\u00fck\u00fbmeti, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n fitilini yakm\u0131\u015f. Gerek askerler, gerek \u0130nterehamwe milisleri, 6 Nisan 1994\u2019ten itibaren tarihte emsaline az rastlan\u0131r bir s\u00fcr\u2019atle Tutsi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na giri\u015fmi\u015fler. B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde, y\u00fcz g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde en az 800.000, baz\u0131 tahminlere g\u00f6re ise 1.000.000 insan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Bu g\u00f6z\u00fcd\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fck heng\u00e2m\u0131nda, Hutu milliyet\u00e7ileri, Tutsiler kadar, \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 ve bar\u0131\u015f yanl\u0131s\u0131 onbinlerce Hutuyu da \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler. Y\u00fcz g\u00fcn sonra uluslararas\u0131 toplumun m\u00fcdahalesi geldi\u011fine, Ruanda, \u2018ba\u2019de harabi\u2019l-Ruanda\u2019 denilecek durumda imi\u015f.<\/p>\n

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Ruanda\u2019n\u0131n uzak ve yak\u0131n tarihinin bu k\u0131sa ve hazin \u00f6zeti, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in manidar dersler bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. En ba\u015fta, milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin, gem vurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde insan\u0131 hangi derelere kadar s\u00fcr\u00fckleyebilece\u011fi bir kez daha g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Gitti\u011fi yere \u2018\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u2019ten \u00f6nce talan g\u00f6t\u00fcren ve maden veya petrolden \u00f6nce kan \u00e7\u0131karan Bat\u0131n\u0131n bir icad\u0131 olarak ulus-devletin, hakim ulus d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki uluslar, hatta hakim ulusun \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in dahi yeri geldi\u011finde bir felakete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de… Ya\u015fanan vah\u015fet, \u00f6te taraftan, as\u0131rlar \u00f6nce \u201c\u015eerlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7 sava\u015ft\u0131r\u201d diyen Blaise Pascal\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ne kadar da do\u011fru oldu\u011funu hazin bi\u00e7imde belgeliyor. <\/p>\n

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Ancak, Ruanda trajedisinden al\u0131nacak dersler, bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Ruanda tecr\u00fcbesi, milliyet\u00e7ilikle memzu\u00e7 hale geldi\u011finde, dinin de bundan zarar g\u00f6rebildi\u011fini \u00e7ok bariz bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6steriyor. Zira, Afrika uluslar\u0131 i\u00e7inde genel n\u00fcfusa oranla en fazla H\u0131ristiyan bar\u0131nd\u0131ran (y\u00fczde 75) \u00fclke olarak Ruanda\u2019da, 1994 katliam\u0131ndan beri H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k m\u00fcthi\u015f bir sars\u0131nt\u0131 ge\u00e7iriyor. \u00d6zellikle n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131n kendisine mensup oldu\u011fu Katolik Kilisesi, o tarihten bug\u00fcne, neredeyse milyonlarca mensubunu yitirmi\u015f. Bu ki\u015filer ya \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a, yahut de\u011fi\u015fik Protestan H\u0131ristiyan mezheplerine y\u00f6nelmi\u015fler; veyahut, bir inan\u00e7 bo\u015flu\u011funun ortas\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flar. Zira\u2014bu durumun istisnas\u0131 olabilen rahipler ve mahalli kiliseler olmakla birlikte\u2014genel olarak Kilise, gitgide b\u00fcy\u00fcyen Hutu-Tutsi geriliminde kendisini giderek azg\u0131nla\u015fan Hutu milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131na kapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. H\u0131ristiyan akidesine ba\u011fl\u0131 Tutsilerin \u2018Allah\u2019\u0131n evi\u2019 olarak s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 kiliseler, soyk\u0131r\u0131m heng\u00e2m\u0131nda, onlar i\u00e7in mezbahaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Mesel\u00e2, Saint Benedictine kilisesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan 7000 Tutsi katledilmi\u015f; iki rahibe, bu katliamdaki rollerinden dolay\u0131, Lahey\u2019deki Uluslararas\u0131 Sava\u015f Su\u00e7lar\u0131 Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan 15 ve 12 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Ruanda\u2019da sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda kurulan bir mahkeme, iki rahibe, katliama bilfiil kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in idam cezas\u0131 vermi\u015f. Ruanda, Tanzanya ve Bel\u00e7ika\u2019da soyk\u0131r\u0131m esnas\u0131nda sava\u015f su\u00e7u i\u015fledikleri i\u00e7in yarg\u0131lanan rahip ve rahibe say\u0131s\u0131 yirmiyi a\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Bu soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan kurtulan Emmanuel Murangira\u2019n\u0131n Christian Science Monitor muhabiri Mary Wiltenburg\u2019a bu minvalde anlatt\u0131klar\u0131, insan\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 donduruyor. Be\u015f \u00e7ocuk babas\u0131 Murangira, g\u00f6z\u00fc d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f Hutu milislerin onu ve aile efrad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek \u00fczere geliyor olduklar\u0131n\u0131 haber al\u0131nca, kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p en yak\u0131ndaki kiliseye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak istemi\u015f. Kiliseye vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, piskopos Augustine Misago\u2019nun, gelen kalabal\u0131\u011fa emirler ya\u011fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onlar\u0131 \u2018daha g\u00fcvenli\u2019 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle vadinin \u00f6te taraf\u0131ndaki yeni okula y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. \u00c7aresiz, okulun yolunu tutmu\u015flar. Murangira, piskopos Misago\u2019nun, daha sonra katilleri de oraya yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Sonu\u00e7: kiliseden i\u00e7eri al\u0131nmayan 40.000 Tutsi\u2019nin bu okulda topluca katledilmesi. Bu katliamdan sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kan yaln\u0131zca 4 ki\u015fi var. Biri, Emmanuel Murangira. Kar\u0131s\u0131, be\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fu, akrabalar\u0131ndan 43 ki\u015fi daha bu okulda katledilmi\u015f. Murangira ise, yaral\u0131 halde, cesetlerin aras\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fcnerek d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve kom\u015fu \u00fclke Burundi\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Ger\u00e7i, kurulan mahkeme 2002\u2019deki son duru\u015fmada piskopos Misago i\u00e7in beraat karar\u0131 vermi\u015f; ama Murangira \u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

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Peki, piskopos Misago s\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlar\u0131 kiliseye alsayd\u0131, bu katliam olmaz m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/p>\n

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Do\u011fu Ruanda\u2019da St. Francis Xavier kilisesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan Mediatrice Mukarutabana\u2019n\u0131n New York Times muhabiri Marc Lacey\u2019e anlatt\u0131klar\u0131, bu soruya \u2018evet\u2019 cevab\u0131 vermeyi zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Mukarutabana, kilisenin \u0130spanyol rahibinin kiliseye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bulunan Tutsileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye gelen milisleri durdurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ekip gitmeleri i\u00e7in para bile teklif etti\u011fini anlat\u0131yor. Fakat g\u00f6z\u00fc d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f milisler, \u00e7ekip gitmek yerine, rahibe iki \u015f\u0131ktan birini se\u00e7mesini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fler: Ya \u00e7ekip gider, kendi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtar\u0131rs\u0131n; yahut seni de i\u00e7erideki Tutsilerle birlikte \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr\u00fcz. Sonu\u00e7: Rahip \u00e7ekip gitmi\u015f… Mukarutabana, rahibin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 korkuyu anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, ama yine de ona hak veremiyor: \u201cBizi kurtarmak i\u00e7in elinden geleni yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ona te\u015fekk\u00fcr bor\u00e7luyuz. Ama onbirinci saat geldi\u011finde bizi kutsamakla yetindi, ve \u00f6lmeyi bize b\u0131rakt\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Bu noktada Christian Science Monitor muhabiri Mary Wiltenburg\u2019un s\u00f6yledikleri dikkat \u00e7ekici: \u201cRuanda soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli katliamlar\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131 kiliselerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u00dcstelik, kimi durumlarda, kilise liderlerinin de su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla. Rahiplerin ihaneti herkes\u00e7e bilinir hale geldi\u011finde, bu \u00e7ok yo\u011fun bir H\u0131ristiyan n\u00fcfus bar\u0131nd\u0131ran \u00fclkede nice insan inanc\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.\u201d<\/p>\n

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H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa olan inanc\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f bu insanlar\u0131n yar\u0131m milyondan fazlas\u0131, katliam\u0131 takip eden on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, kendisini \u0130sl\u00e2m inanc\u0131n\u0131n kapsama alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulmu\u015f. 1994 \u00f6ncesinde toplam n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde y\u00fczde 6-8 civar\u0131 bir oran\u0131 te\u015fkil eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, bug\u00fcn say\u0131ca bir milyonu a\u015fm\u0131\u015f, oran olarak da y\u00fczde 15\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumdalar. \u0130sl\u00e2m, 1994\u2019ten bug\u00fcne, hem Hutular, hem de Tutsiler aras\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir yay\u0131lma g\u00f6steriyor. Washington Post muhabiri Emily Wax\u2019un 2002 itibar\u0131yla y\u00fczde 14 olarak verdi\u011fi bu rakam\u0131, Nisan 2004 New York Times haberinde y\u00fczde 15, yine bu y\u0131l islamonline.net\u2019in verdi\u011fi haberde y\u00fczde 16 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. De\u011fi\u015fik haber kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n Ruanda\u2019daki cami say\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin rakamlar\u0131 da birbirine yak\u0131n. Buna g\u00f6re, 1994 \u00f6ncesinde 250 civar\u0131nda olan cami say\u0131s\u0131, bug\u00fcn 500\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. Yani, son on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Ruanda\u2019da her y\u0131l ortalama 25 yeni cami yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

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Ruanda\u2019da ya\u015fanan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtida dalgas\u0131, bir rastlant\u0131n\u0131n eseri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bir tepkinin sonucu da de\u011fil. Bilakis, bu ihtida s\u00fcreci, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her taraf\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in, hatta d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her taraf\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fik inan\u00e7lara mensup insanlar i\u00e7in, \u00e7ok ciddi dersler bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. Gerek Tutsilerin, gerek Hutular\u0131n kitleler halinde \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a y\u00f6nelmelerinde en b\u00fcy\u00fck etken, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131m esnas\u0131nda sergiledi\u011fi tav\u0131r. Ruandal\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda Hutu k\u00f6kenli olanlar da mevcut, Tutsi k\u00f6kenli olanlar da; ama soyk\u0131r\u0131m esnas\u0131nda hi\u00e7biri elini kana bulamam\u0131\u015f. Ve, \u00f6zellikle Hutu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, kendilerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan Tutsileri\u2014en \u00f6nemlisi, bu kez de m\u00fcsl\u00fcman-gayrim\u00fcslim ayr\u0131m\u0131na asla giri\u015fmeksizin\u2014katliamdan korumu\u015flar.<\/p>\n

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Ki, tam da bu noktada, kaderin garip bir cilvesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geliyoruz. N\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 Katolik olan bu \u00fclkede bir az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n tarihi y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6tesine pek ge\u00e7emiyor. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, bir az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak, Ruanda n\u00fcfusunun genelinden izole edilmi\u015fler. Konuyla ilgili haberlerde vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, bir derece, \u2018aforoz edilmi\u015f\u2019 halde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 dahi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Mesel\u00e2, ba\u015f\u015fehir Kigali\u2019de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Biryogo semtini mesken tutmu\u015flar. Bu semtten ayr\u0131lmalar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir semtte ev edinmeleri \u00f6zel izne t\u00e2bi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Benzer bir durum, sair \u015fehirlerde de s\u00f6zkonusu imi\u015f. \u0130\u015fte, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, Hutu-Tutsi geriliminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u2018ayr\u0131, ikincil ve kendi halinde bir grup\u2019 olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131yor olmas\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mahallelerini katliam\u0131n kapsama alan\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmu\u015f. Hutular can d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olarak Tutsileri belledikleri, Tutsi veya Hutu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ise \u2018Tutsi\u2019 yahut \u2018Hutu\u2019 olarak de\u011fil de \u2018M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019 olarak alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mahallelerindeki Tutsi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara sald\u0131rmaya kalk\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015flar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, bu mahallelere, sair mahallelerden pek \u00e7ok <\/p>\n

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Tutsi s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Hutu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, onlar\u0131 aylarca evlerinde saklam\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

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Nitekim, Associated Press muhabiri Rodrique Ngowi, \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131m esnas\u0131nda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 koruyan az say\u0131da Ruandal\u0131lar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131lar\u201d diye yaz\u0131yor. 2002\u2019de \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7en 31 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Yvette Sarambuye ise, \u201cBa\u015fka her yerde Hutular Tutsi kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131 ve Tutsi az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa mensup oldu\u011fundan ku\u015fkulan\u0131lan yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 ya \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler yahut onlara ihanet ettiler. Ama milisler ve askerler Biryogo gibi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mahallelerindeki Tutsilerin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fmeye cesaret edemediler\u201d diyor. \u201c\u015eayet bir Hutu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bizim mahallelerimizde gizlenmi\u015f birilerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fsayd\u0131, en ba\u015fta Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 Ker\u00eem ona bunun hesab\u0131n\u0131 sorard\u0131 ve ona art\u0131k \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019la bir ilgisinin kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hayk\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Sarambuye, Musl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in katliamdan kurtulmu\u015f bulunan, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocuk annesi bir Tutsi. \u201cHi\u00e7bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mukaddes kitaba ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranmaya c\u00fcr\u2019et etmedi; ve bu da \u00e7o\u011fumuzun hayat\u0131n\u0131 kurtard\u0131\u201d diye devam ediyor. Sarambuye, yanlar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman aileyi g\u00fcnlerce namaz k\u0131larlarken seyretmi\u015f. Belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere, daha \u00f6nce yabanc\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu bu inan\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda bilgisi artt\u0131k\u00e7a, ona olan hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f. \u201cBu insanlar i\u00e7in \u0130sl\u00e2m bir etiketten ibaret de\u011fildi, bir hayat bi\u00e7imiydi\u201d diyor. \u201c\u0130\u00e7imde onlar\u0131n aras\u0131na kat\u0131lma i\u015ftiyak\u0131 hissettim.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Washington Post\u2019a konu\u015fan 29 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki iki \u00e7ocuk annesi \u00c2i\u015fe Uwimbabazi ise, \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar olmasayd\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn ailem \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olurdu. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m esnas\u0131nda sergiledikleri davran\u0131\u015ftan dolay\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ahaliye \u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok m\u00fcte\u015fekkirim\u201d diyor. Uwimbabazi, ihtida s\u00fcrecini ise \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetliyor: \u201cOnlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm ve \u015funu hissettim: de\u011fi\u015fmenin tam zaman\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Ali Uwimana\u2019n\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131, Uwimbabazi\u2019nin yak\u0131nlar\u0131 gibi, talihli de\u011filler. Onun bir\u00e7ok akrabas\u0131, ba\u015f\u015fehir Kigali\u2019ye yetmi\u015f kilometre uzakl\u0131ktaki Kibungo\u2019daki kilisede \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fler. \u201cKiliseler mezarl\u0131klar haline geldi\u201d diyor Uwimana. \u201cSava\u015f esnas\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, \u015fimdi Katolik kilisesinin hi\u00e7bir tesiri kalmad\u0131. Allah\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131y\u0131p yine de Allah\u2019\u0131n evinde insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcremezsiniz.\u201d Uwimana\u2019n\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7mesinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman patronu yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

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39 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Jean-Pierre Sagahutu da, benzer bir dram\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131p benzer bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ya\u015fayanlardan. Sagahutu\u2019nun babas\u0131 ve ailesinden dokuz ki\u015fi daha, soyk\u0131r\u0131m esnas\u0131nda katledilmi\u015f. \u201cAmerikal\u0131lar M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ter\u00f6rist olduklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Ama Ruandal\u0131lar i\u00e7in onlar bizi soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan kurtaran \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r\u201d diyor Sagahutu. \u201cBir kiliseye saklanmak istedim, ama bu gidilecek en k\u00f6t\u00fc yerdi.\u201d Sagahutu, soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130drissa adl\u0131 bu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n evinin arkas\u0131ndaki bir tankerin i\u00e7inde saklanm\u0131\u015f. \u201cYaln\u0131zca o benim yerimi biliyordu\u201d diyor. \u201cBana ihanet etmi\u015f olsayd\u0131, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olurdum. Ama etmedi.\u201d Sonra, bir m\u00fcddet bu aileyle birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. \u201cOnlar\u0131 g\u00fcnde be\u015f kere ibadet ederlerken seyrettim. Onlarla yiyip i\u00e7tim ve nas\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Hutu ve Tutsi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ayn\u0131 camide beraberce ibadet ediyorlard\u0131. Aralar\u0131nda bir ayr\u0131l\u0131k gayr\u0131l\u0131k yoktu. Bu, g\u00f6rmeye muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fum bir manzarayd\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

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21 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Yakobo Cuma Nzeyimana, 1996\u2019da ihtida etmi\u015f. \u201cBenim eski kilisemde insanlar \u00f6ld\u00fc ve rahip katillere yard\u0131m etti\u201d diyor. \u201cGeri d\u00f6n\u00fcp orada ibadet edemezdim. Ba\u015fka bir\u015feyler bulmak zorundayd\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Ruanda belgeseli i\u00e7in BBC\u2019den Robert Walker\u2019a konu\u015fan Zafran Mukantwari ise 20 ya\u015f\u0131nda. Zafran, ailesi i\u00e7inde soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan kurtulan tek ki\u015fi. BBC muhabiri, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerini \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetliyor: \u201cOnunla Kigali\u2019nin el-Aks\u00e2 Camiinin avlusunda tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ba\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc. On y\u0131l \u00f6nce neler olup bitti\u011fini anlatmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fimde sakin bir ses tonuyla konu\u015fmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Ailesinin Katolik oldu\u011funu, ibadet edegeldikleri kilisede \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcklerini anlat\u0131yor. Zafran, on ya\u015f\u0131nda, yapayaln\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6nceleri, kiliseye gitmeye devam etmi\u015f. Orada destek bulabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f. Sonra, inanc\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. \u2018Birlikte dua ediyor oldu\u011fum insanlar\u0131n annemi babam\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmay\u0131 tercih ettim\u2019 diyor. \u2018\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kimseyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmediler.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

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New York Times\u2019a konu\u015fan Alex Rutitiriza, 2003\u2019te M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015f. Rutiririza, Tutsiler her tarafta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken, kendisi i\u00e7in en g\u00fcvenli yer olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mahallesini bulmu\u015f. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Hutu milisler Kigali\u2019deki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mahallesini de ku\u015fatma alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015flar, ama Hutu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar katil Hutu milislerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmam\u0131\u015flar. Rutiririza, bunu, onlar\u0131n \u201cdin ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etnisite ba\u011f\u0131ndan daha de\u011ferli ve b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu hissetmeleri\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131yor. Ve ekliyor: \u201cSonu\u00e7ta, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Tutsileri koruma alt\u0131na ald\u0131lar.\u201d \u0130nterehamwe milisleri pe\u015finde oldu\u011fu halde tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmekten kurtulan Ramadani Rugema da bunu do\u011fruluyor. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n akabinde \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7en ve halen Ruanda \u0130slam Cemiyetinin genel sekreteri olan Rugema, \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ak\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 iftihar ediyoruz\u201d diyor. Jean-Pierre Sagahutu da, bu iftihar duygusunu payla\u015f\u0131yor. Onun belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re, H\u0131ristiyan Tutsi ve Hutular\u0131n, uzla\u015fma ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc noktas\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019dan \u00f6\u011frenecekleri \u00e7ok \u015fey var. \u201cAma b\u00f6yle bir uzla\u015fma Ruanda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli de\u011fil\u201d diye ekliyor. \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc biz zaten d\u00fcnyaya \u0131rk veya etnisite g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle bakm\u0131yoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Ruanda ba\u015fm\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc Salih Habimana, soyk\u0131r\u0131m esnas\u0131nda sergiledi\u011fi \u00f6rnek duru\u015fla, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu sonucun mimarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda belki de en \u00f6nde geleni. O g\u00fcnleri anlat\u0131rken, \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman evlerinin \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131 saklanan gayrim\u00fcslimlerle doluydu\u201d diyor ve ekliyor: \u201c[Ruandal\u0131] M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Allah indinde masum insanlar\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kmekten dolay\u0131 sorguya \u00e7ekilmeyecekler.\u201d Habimana, Ruanda\u2019da son on y\u0131lda ya\u015fanan ihtida dalgas\u0131n\u0131 1997 \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 olarak ikiye ay\u0131rmaktan gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Tutsilerin de a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni h\u00fck\u00fbmetin \u00fclkede kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu tarihe kadar, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7enler aras\u0131nda \u2018pratik sebeplere binaen\u2019 bunu yapanlar oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Habimana\u2019n\u0131n dedi\u011fine g\u00f6re, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmak, \u201cHutular i\u00e7in, \u2018Benim ellerime kan bula\u015fmad\u0131\u2019 demekti. Tutsiler ise, soyk\u0131r\u0131mda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00f6lmedi\u011finden dolay\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7tiler. Biri ar\u0131nmak i\u00e7in \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 ar\u0131yordu, di\u011feri korunmak i\u00e7in…\u201d Can g\u00fcvenli\u011finin h\u00fck\u00fbmet taraf\u0131ndan teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 97 sonras\u0131nda ihtidalar\u0131n devam etmesi, bu noktada son derece \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n

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Bu durum, Ruandal\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 sevindirdi\u011fi derecede, Katolik kilisesini endi\u015felendiriyor. Washington Post\u2019un belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re, Ruandal\u0131 Katolik rahipler, Roma\u2019daki kilise liderlerine \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7enlerin say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fa nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131 koyacaklar\u0131 konusunda ak\u0131l dan\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Ba\u015fkent Kigali\u2019de g\u00f6rev yapan rahip Jean Bosco Ntagugire, fazla \u00fcmitli de\u011fil: \u201cSoyk\u0131r\u0131mdan sonra bir problemimiz var. G\u00fcven sars\u0131ld\u0131. \u2018Ey H\u0131ristiyanlar! Geri d\u00f6n\u00fcn!\u2019 diyebilecek durumda de\u011filiz.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Ruandal\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n feci bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m esnas\u0131nda Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n rehberli\u011finde sergiledikleri \u00f6rnek tavr\u0131n on y\u0131ll\u0131k yans\u0131malar\u0131 i\u015fte b\u00f6yle… \u0130kiy\u00fcz y\u0131l boyunca Ruanda toplumunun ancak y\u00fczde 6-7\u2019sine ula\u015fabilmi\u015f \u0130sl\u00e2m, m\u00fcthi\u015f bir s\u0131nanma an\u0131ndaki bu \u00f6rnek \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee duru\u015f sonucunda, on y\u0131lda ikiye katlanm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Bu durum sizi sevindiriyorsa, bir de \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc haberimiz var. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n \u2018\u00f6ld\u00fcrme\u2019yle de\u011fil, \u2018hayat kurtarma\u2019yla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fti\u011fi bir \u00fclkede olanlar bu iken, \u0130sl\u00e2m ad\u0131na \u00f6ld\u00fcrmelerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde, aksi y\u00f6nde geli\u015fmeler mevcut. Mesel\u00e2, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki gazetelere yans\u0131mad\u0131 ama, Cezayir\u2019deki kanl\u0131 olaylar\u0131n etkisiyle, Kasaba b\u00f6lgesindeki 300 Cezayirli, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Paskalya bayram\u0131nda vaftiz olup H\u0131ristiyan dinine ge\u00e7tiler. Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi ve bir \u0130ngiliz M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan Abd\u00fclhakim Murad, \u2018\u0130sl\u00e2m ad\u0131na ter\u00f6r\u2019\u00fcn kaybettirdiklerini irdeledi\u011fi yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, 1999\u2019da Frans\u0131z Katolik Piskoposlar Konferans\u0131nda duyurulan bu geli\u015fmeye at\u0131fla \u015funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cOn y\u0131l \u00f6nce b\u00f6yle bir\u015fey asla s\u00f6zkonusu de\u011fildi. Bu de\u011fi\u015fim, Cezayir\u2019de \u0130sl\u00e2m ad\u0131na giri\u015filen m\u00fcfrit hareketlerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur.\u201d A. Murad, Afganistan\u2019dan da, Afganistan tarihinde ilk defa, \u2018H\u0131ristiyan Afganlar\u2019\u0131n zuhurundan s\u00f6z ediyor.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u2018hayat kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 Ruanda\u2019dan gelen haberler ve i\u015fte \u0130sl\u00e2m ad\u0131na \u2018hayatlara son verilen\u2019 diyarlardan i\u015fittiklerimiz…<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Mesaj sizce de a\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

17.01.2005 \u00c7OCUKLU\u011eUNDA HAR\u0130TA \u00fczerinden \u2018\u00fclke bulmaca\u2019 oyunu oynayanlar hari\u00e7 \u00e7o\u011fumuz, Ruanda diye bir \u00fclkenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, muhtemelen ancak 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda haberdar olduk. Yine de, bu \u00fclke hakk\u0131nda fazla bir\u015fey bildi\u011fimiz s\u00f6ylenemez. O y\u0131l\u0131n 6 Nisan\u2019\u0131nda ba\u015flay\u0131p y\u00fcz g\u00fcn devam eden ve yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon insan\u0131n katledilmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanan m\u00fcthi\u015f soyk\u0131r\u0131m hakk\u0131nda da… B\u00f6yle olmas\u0131 bir bak\u0131ma normal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[142],"class_list":["post-87718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar"],"yoast_head":"\nRuanda\u2019dan mesaj var - Karakalem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ruanda\u2019dan mesaj var - Karakalem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"17.01.2005 \u00c7OCUKLU\u011eUNDA HAR\u0130TA \u00fczerinden \u2018\u00fclke bulmaca\u2019 oyunu oynayanlar hari\u00e7 \u00e7o\u011fumuz, Ruanda diye bir \u00fclkenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, muhtemelen ancak 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda haberdar olduk. 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