23.04.2001<\/p>\n
ON YIL kadar \u00f6nce, Elie Kedourie’nin kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n son d\u00f6neminde \u0130ngiltere’nin Orta Do\u011fu politikas\u0131na dair bir kitab\u0131n ‘ek’lerinden birinde, ilgin\u00e7 bir hususla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu ek, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda dola\u015fan bir \u0130ngiliz casusunun, k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir y\u0131lda Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinde, yan\u0131lm\u0131yorsam I\u011fd\u0131r taraflar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleri i\u00e7eren bir raporuydu. K\u0131tl\u0131ktan hareketle b\u00f6lgede Osmanl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 bir isyan \u00fcretme potansiyeli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmakla g\u00f6revli casus, Londra’ya, kendisini son derece \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan bir g\u00f6zlemini aktar\u0131yordu: “Burada k\u0131tl\u0131k var, ama a\u00e7l\u0131k yok.<\/p>\n
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\u0130nsanlar bir \u015fekilde birbirlerini g\u00f6zetiyorlar, o y\u00fczden k\u0131tl\u0131k a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla: Bu sosyal yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde, k\u0131tl\u0131ktan hareketle isyan \u00fcretmek imk\u00e2ns\u0131z!” \u0130ngiliz casusun son d\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda g\u00f6zlemledi\u011fi bu olgu, benim i\u00e7in her zaman ibretli ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. ‘\u0130nfak’ denilen iman\u00ee hasletin ve Kur’\u00e2n-\u0131 Hak\u00eem’in ‘infak’ \u00fczerindeki yo\u011fun \u0131srar\u0131ndan al\u0131nan bir umum\u00ee dersin zor zamanlarda nas\u0131l bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretti\u011fine dair dokunakl\u0131 bir \u00f6rnektir bu. <\/p>\n
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Ve, b\u00f6ylesi bir dizi \u00f6rnek, ya\u015fanan b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131pranmalara ra\u011fmen, Anadolu’da uzunca s\u00fcre var olmay\u0131 devam ettirmi\u015ftir. Kendi hayat tecr\u00fcbem i\u00e7inde, bu infak ve dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6rneklerini ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00e7evrede g\u00f6zlemleme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015fumdur. B\u00fct\u00fcn kullar\u0131n\u0131n r\u0131zklar\u0131 O’nun kudret elinde olan Rezz\u00e2k-\u0131 Z\u00fclcel\u00e2l sonraki bir, hatta iki yaz\u0131da dile getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m \u00e7ok hikmetlere binaen bazan ‘darl\u0131kla,’ ‘verdi\u011fi r\u0131zk\u0131 k\u0131smakla’ imtihan ederken, bu imtihanlar dayan\u0131\u015fma ve infak i\u00e7inde a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anadolu’nun her k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn ve her mahallesinin zengini de, fakiri de vard\u0131r; dahas\u0131, bir b\u00fcy\u00fck musibetle birdenbire fakirle\u015feni de vard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey, aileler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Ailenin zenginleri, orta hallileri, fakirleri vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ‘darda kalan’ ki\u015filer, zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015febilmekte, bir g\u00fcn fakir olan ciddi bir darl\u0131kla y\u00fczy\u00fcze gelirken, bir ba\u015fka vakit zengin olan satamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ciddi miktarda stoklanm\u0131\u015f mal veya tahsil edemedi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alacak y\u00fcz\u00fcnden neredeyse iflas\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine gelmektedir. Benim kendi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00e7evrede g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, bu ini\u015f-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131n bir infak ruhu i\u00e7inde ve bir dayan\u0131\u015fma dahilinde a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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\u0130ngiliz casusunu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan “K\u0131tl\u0131k var ama a\u00e7l\u0131k yok” v\u00e2k\u0131as\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan ve ya\u015fanan bir dizi irili-ufakl\u0131 darl\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan bu infak ruhunun bir dizi ve\u00e7hesi vard\u0131r. Mesel\u00e2 zek\u00e2t, nisap miktar\u0131 serveti bulunan i\u00e7in, infak\u0131n farz k\u0131sm\u0131ndand\u0131r. F\u0131tr sadakas\u0131, vacip k\u0131sm\u0131ndand\u0131r. Yine, bu infak s\u0131rr\u0131 dahilinde, imk\u00e2n\u0131 olan m\u00fc’min, darda kalm\u0131\u015f iseler dedesine, ninesine, annesine, babas\u0131na, \u00e7ocu\u011funa ve torununa bakma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir di\u011fer g\u00fczellik, ‘karz-\u0131 hasen’dir, yani faiz filan bula\u015ft\u0131rmadan, k\u00e2r pay\u0131 filan da ummadan bor\u00e7 vermektir. Bir di\u011fer ve\u00e7hesi de tasadduk, yani sadakad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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\u0130\u015fte, al\u0131nan iman\u00ee terbiye dahilinde, infak ruhu i\u00e7inde b\u00f6ylesi bir dizi mekanizma devreye girer. Bir\u00e7ok yerden istemeye yatk\u0131n olan bir dilenci, bu infak\u0131n sadaka k\u0131sm\u0131ndan nasiplenir, darda kalm\u0131\u015f anne-baba, karde\u015f veya evlat \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n ayr\u0131 evde oturuyor olsalar da onlar\u0131 birbirine bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc k\u0131lmas\u0131 dersini ifaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, bor\u00e7 bata\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f esnaf veya t\u00fcccar ‘karz-\u0131 hasen’le do\u011frulur, senede yaln\u0131z bir defa verilen f\u0131tr sadakas\u0131 Anadolu’daki \u00e7ok ya\u015fl\u0131n\u0131n senelik ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r, zek\u00e2t \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 sahibini ihtiyac\u0131na kavu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, 17 A\u011fustos depreminde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, bir b\u00fcy\u00fck musibet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u015fu toplumun insanlar\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fck dayan\u0131\u015fma ve infak i\u00e7in organize olabilme becerisi g\u00f6stermi\u015f; ama, binler teess\u00fcf ki, engellenmi\u015flerdir! <\/p>\n
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\u00d6te yandan, ‘selam’ ve ‘bar\u0131\u015f’ anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u0130sl\u00e2m’a birilerince sava\u015f a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar neticesi, bu infak ruhu,-\u015f\u00fck\u00fcr ki b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ama-ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok ya\u015fl\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 torunlar\u0131, veya akrabalar\u0131 bakar g\u00f6zetirken, kendi anne-babas\u0131n\u0131 ‘huzurevleri’nde huzursuz b\u0131rakan insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e artmaktad\u0131r. Yeni ev ve i\u015f kurmu\u015f \u00e7ok gen\u00e7, ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yirmi veya otuz olmas\u0131na bakmadan, kendisini toparlay\u0131nca kadar ailesi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zetilirken, kendisi edindi\u011fi gayrimenkul geliriyle keyif s\u00fcren ve kendi \u00e7ocu\u011fu i\u00e7in “Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frensin” kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olan insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 da artmaktad\u0131r. Zekat, y\u00fczde onu a\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zannetti\u011fim bir z\u00fcmrece tam\u0131tam\u0131na verilirken, \u00fczerine zekat d\u00fc\u015fenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun zekat\u0131n zekat\u0131n\u0131 dahi verdi\u011fi ku\u015fkuludur. Ayr\u0131ca, zekat\u0131 tam verenlerin dahi, bunu ihtiyac\u0131 olan ‘ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi’lerden ziyade, hizmet m\u00fclahazas\u0131yla ‘kurumlar’a verir hale gelmesi gibi bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k da yerle\u015fmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, ‘karz-\u0131 hasen’ neredeyse \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f durumdad\u0131r. ‘Rahmetli’ l\u00e2kab\u0131yla an\u0131lan malum bir \u015fahsiyetin faizi toplumun tam merkezine yerle\u015ftirmesinden, inanc\u0131ndaki sal\u00e2betinden dolay\u0131 faize para yat\u0131rmayanlar\u0131n ise paralar\u0131n\u0131 ‘k\u00e2r pay\u0131’ umarak finans kurumlar\u0131na yat\u0131rmay\u0131 tercih etmesinden beri, ‘karz-\u0131 hasen’de m\u00fcthi\u015f bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fte, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fte emniyetin ortadan kalkmas\u0131n\u0131n, yalan\u0131n ve ahde vefas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n reva\u00e7 bulmas\u0131n\u0131n, s\u00f6z verilen tarihte \u00f6deme yapmaman\u0131n normalle\u015fmesinin de m\u00fcthi\u015f bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131r-ki, ahde vefa ve yalan s\u00f6ylememe, Kur’\u00e2n’\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k emirleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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S\u00f6z\u00fcn k\u0131sas\u0131, Ankara’n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn beceriksizli\u011fine, aln\u0131na vurulmu\u015f ‘elidelik’ damgas\u0131na, elinde olandan \u00f6te ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 borcu dahi orada-burada \u00e7ar\u00e7ur etmesine ra\u011fmen b\u00f6ylesi bir kriz ya\u015fanmayabilirdi T\u00fcrkiye’de. Esnaf sokaklarda olmayabilirdi. T\u00fcccar yollara d\u00fc\u015fmeyebilirdi. Olmad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bar\u0131\u015f demek olan \u0130sl\u00e2m’a sava\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lal\u0131 beri, \u0130sl\u00e2m’\u0131n de\u011ferleri a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve infak ruhu t\u00f6rp\u00fclendi. <\/p>\n
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O y\u00fczden, bug\u00fcn bir ‘yabanc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemci’ bu \u00fclkeye gelecek olsa, “K\u0131tl\u0131k var ama a\u00e7l\u0131k yok” diyemeyecektir. Bilakis, “K\u0131tl\u0131k yok ama a\u00e7l\u0131k var” diyebilecektir. <\/p>\n
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Ve, bu kriz, ‘Ankara’dan al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler’le de\u011fil, ondan ziyade, kendi aile ve e\u015f-dost \u00e7evremizde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tedbirlerle ge\u00e7ilecektir. Krizi en az hasarla atlatanlar, infak ruhu en ziyade sa\u011flam kalm\u0131\u015f ortamlarda ya\u015fayanlar olacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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S\u00f6z\u00fcn k\u0131sas\u0131: infak zaman\u0131! <\/p>\n
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\/kitap.asp?book=20<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
23.04.2001 ON YIL kadar \u00f6nce, Elie Kedourie’nin kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n son d\u00f6neminde \u0130ngiltere’nin Orta Do\u011fu politikas\u0131na dair bir kitab\u0131n ‘ek’lerinden birinde, ilgin\u00e7 bir hususla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu ek, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda dola\u015fan bir \u0130ngiliz casusunun, k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir y\u0131lda Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinde, yan\u0131lm\u0131yorsam I\u011fd\u0131r taraflar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleri i\u00e7eren bir raporuydu. K\u0131tl\u0131ktan hareketle b\u00f6lgede Osmanl\u0131ya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[132],"class_list":["post-83801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar"],"yoast_head":"\n