03.07.2002<\/p>\n
\u201cHERKES SER\u00dcVEN hikayelerini sever. <\/p>\n
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\u0130\u015fte, b\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ser\u00fcvenlerinden biri de, <\/p>\n
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\u015fimdi temel fizi\u011fin\u2014ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bilimlerin\u2014<\/p>\n
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alacakaranl\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ya\u015fan\u0131yor. <\/p>\n
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Bu ser\u00fcvenin kahramanlar\u0131, ilim adamlar\u0131. Pe\u015finde ko\u015ftuklar\u0131 \u015fey de, <\/p>\n
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hayallerin bile eri\u015femedi\u011fi de\u011fere sahip bir b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6d\u00fcl: <\/p>\n
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k\u00e2inat\u0131n kilitli kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n anahtar\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u2014Paul Davies<\/p>\n
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\u0130\u015eTE BU YAZI, o nefes kesici ser\u00fcvenin \u00f6zetidir. Ve i\u015fte \u015fu iki \u00e7ift s\u00f6z, o ser\u00fcvenin geli\u015fme \u00e7izgisini g\u00f6sterir:<\/p>\n
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Sene 1879, biyolog Charles Darwin: <\/p>\n
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\u201cBir kap\u0131 mente\u015fesinin insan taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti\u011fimiz gibi, bir midye kabu\u011fundaki mafsal\u0131n harikul\u00e2de ak\u0131l sahibi bir varl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu iddia edemeyiz.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Sene 1943, fizik\u00e7i Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger: <\/p>\n
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\u201c\u015eu bir ger\u00e7ektir ki, tek bir \u00e7ark di\u015fi\u2014siz isterseniz bir kap\u0131 mente\u015fesi deyin\u2014kaba bir insan yap\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fil, ama ancak Rabbimizin m\u00fckemmel bir \u015faheseridir.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Garip. Topu topuna yar\u0131m as\u0131r arayla, iki bilim adam\u0131, bilim ad\u0131na birbirine bu kadar z\u0131t iki \u00e7ift s\u00f6z etmi\u015flerdir. <\/p>\n
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Bu s\u00f6zlerin ikisi birden do\u011fru olamaz. Sadece biri do\u011frudur. Ama yanl\u0131\u015f hangisidir? \u0130ki s\u00f6zden birisi akt\u0131r, peki hangisi karad\u0131r?<\/p>\n
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Bize sorarsan\u0131z, ikincisi!<\/p>\n
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Zira, son as\u0131rda, g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00e2lemde derinle\u015fip atom i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyalara, galaksiler aras\u0131 uzay\u0131n derinliklerine dalan; dev teleskoplar, elektron mikroskoplar\u0131 ve atom i\u00e7i partik\u00fclleri tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in kurulan dev akselerat\u00f6rler ile \u2018\u00e2lem i\u00e7inde \u00e2lemler\u2019i gezen, g\u00f6ren nice bilim adam\u0131, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na her\u015feye h\u00fckmeden bir Yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n haberini getirdiler.<\/p>\n
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\u0130lmiyle Allah\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131yan bu bilim adamlar\u0131 da, ink\u00e2rc\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 da bilim ad\u0131na konu\u015fuyor. Yoksa b\u00f6ylesi bir tezat bilimin \u00f6z\u00fcnde mi var? Veyahut…<\/p>\n
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1980 Nobel t\u0131p \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi n\u00f6rofizyolog Roger Sperry, 1983\u2019te verdi\u011fi bir s\u00f6yle\u015fide b\u00f6ylesi bir soruyu keser ve \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cOnlar, mesel\u00e2 Darwin, bilimi materyalizmin yorumu olarak kabullenmi\u015ftir.\u201d Oysa, \u201cbilimin kendisi materyalizmle \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Yani, asl\u0131nda bilimi ink\u00e2rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kalesi olarak kullanan bilim adamlar\u0131, \u00f6ncelikle ink\u00e2rc\u0131d\u0131rlar ve bilimi ink\u00e2rlar\u0131na \u00e2let etmek istemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
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\u015eimdilerde, d\u00fcne kadar materyalizme inanm\u0131\u015f bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n esiri olan, 1933 Nobel fizik \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in ifadesiyle, \u2018m\u00e2l\u00fbm materyalizmin \u0131zt\u0131rab\u0131n\u0131 tekrar tekrar \u00e7eken\u2019 bilim, zincirleri yava\u015f yava\u015f k\u0131r\u0131yor gibi. Yar\u0131n, belki de, n\u00f6rofizyolog Karl Pribiam\u2019\u0131n \u201ctorunlar\u0131\u2014ve bizim \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u2014burunlar\u0131 bir kar\u0131\u015f havada inan\u00e7s\u0131z bilim adamlar\u0131na rastgelmeyecekler.\u201d<\/p>\n
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KAPILARARALANIRKEN <\/p>\n
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\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u2018k\u00e2inat\u0131n kilitli kap\u0131lar\u0131\u2019 hafiften aralan\u0131yor gibi…<\/p>\n
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O aral\u0131ktan s\u00fcz\u00fclen \u0131\u015f\u0131k huzmeleri, daha \u015fimdiden pek \u00e7ok bilim adam\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131t\u0131r oldu bile.<\/p>\n
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Hangi zincirlerden s\u00f6z ediyoruz?<\/p>\n
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\u0130\u015fte biri: \u201cMadde yoktan var olmaz, var yok olmaz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla madde ezel\u00eedir, k\u00e2inat\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 yoktur, o do\u011fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve yok olmayacakt\u0131r.\u201d Bir ba\u015fkas\u0131: \u201cHer sonucun mutlaka sebebi vard\u0131r.\u201d Yani, her zaman, her yerde, her olayda mekanik sebep-sonu\u00e7 zinciri i\u015fler; sebeple sonucun birlikte \u2018yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019 de\u011fil, \u2018olu\u015f\u2019 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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D\u00fcn astronomiden biyolojiye her bir bilim sahas\u0131nda top oynayan bu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri bug\u00fcn ileri s\u00fcren herhangi biri, s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u201cAcaba?\u201dyla mukabele g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
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Bilimin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, g\u00f6ren g\u00f6zlere de g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi k\u00e2inat tablosu hayli de\u011fi\u015fti \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde k\u00e2inat dev bir \u2018devr-i daim\u2019 makinesini and\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bir sebep-sonu\u00e7 halkas\u0131yla da i\u015flemiyor.<\/p>\n
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Halbuki, Newton\u2019\u0131 d\u00fcne kadar \u2018as\u0131rlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019 yapan, b\u00f6ylesi bir anlay\u0131\u015ft\u0131. V\u00e2k\u0131a, Newton halefleri gibi dinsiz biri de\u011fildi; ama Allah\u2019a, kudretini sadece k\u00e2inat\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda g\u00f6stermi\u015f, daha sonra devreden \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f bir \u2018\u0130lk Muharrik\u2019 olarak inan\u0131yordu. Bu \u2018\u0130lk Muharrik\u2019 k\u00e2inat\u0131 en ba\u015f\u0131ndan yaratm\u0131\u015f, kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 koymu\u015ftu. Bu k\u00e2inat makinesi, o zamandan beridir, sebep-sonu\u00e7 kanunlar\u0131yla kendi kendine i\u015fleyip duruyordu.<\/p>\n
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Sonrakiler bu k\u00e2inat tablosunu ald\u0131lar ve o \u2018\u0130lk Muharrik\u2019i dahi defterden silerek kabul ettiler. Ger\u00e7i Yarat\u0131c\u0131ya inanan bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n nesli hepten t\u00fckenmi\u015f de\u011fildi, ama h\u00e2kim olan inan\u00e7s\u0131zlar oldu. Yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n yerini \u2018olu\u015f,\u2019 Yaratan\u0131n yerini \u2018maddenin ezeliyeti\u2019 fikri ald\u0131 ve Newton\u2019\u0131n taht\u0131n\u0131n hemen yan\u0131na Darwin oturdu. Tablodaki bo\u015fluklar, \u2018evrim\u2019in f\u0131r\u00e7a darbeleriyle dolduruldu.<\/p>\n
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K\u00e2inat bir d\u00fczenin de\u011fil, d\u00fczensizli\u011fin, tesad\u00fcflerin eseridir art\u0131k. D\u00fcnya, \u2018uzay\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemez derinli\u011finde, \u00f6nemsemeye de\u011fmez bir galaksinin ucundaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n minik bir gezegeni\u2019dir. Tabiat uyumsuzluk, \u00e7irkinlik, m\u00fccadele, asalakl\u0131k, i\u015fe yaramaz organlar, anlams\u0131z ac\u0131lar, sanc\u0131lar ile dolu bir vah\u015fet yeridir. \u0130nsan ise, \u2018v\u00fccudun ve beynin faaliyetlerinin toplam\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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K\u0131sacas\u0131, materyalizmin bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda k\u00f6k salmas\u0131 ile k\u00e2inat ve d\u00fcnya kararm\u0131\u015f, hayat anlams\u0131zla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, insan silikle\u015fmi\u015f, her\u015fey adi bir madd\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
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T\u00e2 ki, yirminci as\u0131r i\u00e7inde, bilim materyalist yorumu i\u00e7inde ezeliyet verdi\u011fi maddenin gitgide daha da derinine indi\u011finde, beklemedi\u011fi, materyalist yorumu i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olan darbelere pe\u015fpe\u015fe muhatap olana kadar.<\/p>\n
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Yirminci as\u0131rda bilim, en az\u0131ndan bir \u00f6nceki as\u0131rda oldu\u011fu kadar materyalizmin, ink\u00e2r\u0131n, inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n oyunca\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131. Bilakis, onu k\u00f6k\u00fcnden sarsan, temelinden y\u0131kan geli\u015fmelerin de sahnesi oldu.<\/p>\n
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Nas\u0131l m\u0131?<\/p>\n
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\u2022 Big Bang ile maddenin ezeliyeti fikri sars\u0131ld\u0131;<\/p>\n
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\u2022 Kara deliklerin ke\u015ffiyle \u201cMadde yok olmaz\u201d fikri yok olu\u015fa do\u011fru yol ald\u0131;<\/p>\n
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\u2022 Atom i\u00e7i \u00e2lemlerde maddenin silikle\u015fti\u011fini, her\u015feyin \u2018kendi z\u00e2t\u0131nda var-yok aras\u0131 dalgalanmalar\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koyan \u2018kuantum\u2019un ke\u015ffiyle, ayr\u0131ca bu \u2018kuantum\u2019lar \u00e2leminde hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin \u00f6nceden kestirilemeyece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren \u2018belirsizlik prensibi\u2019 ile sebep-sonu\u00e7 zinciri k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
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\u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden, Timothy Ferris\u2019in \u2018k\u00e2inat\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 aray\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019 anlatan The Red Limit\u2019te yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u201cancak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etme ve sebep-sonu\u00e7 zinciri kavramlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u201d \u201cBir sebep-sonu\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, art\u0131k taraf\u0131m\u0131zca\u2014biz bilim adamlar\u0131nca\u2014asla kabul g\u00f6rmeyecektir\u201d der Ferris. Superforce yazar\u0131 fizik\u00e7i Paul Davies ise, bu geli\u015fmeleri \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetler:<\/p>\n
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\u201cFiziksel d\u00fcnyan\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan kat\u0131 birimler, bir bir eridi, hepsinin yerini mistik bir okyanusun var-yok aras\u0131 dalgalanmalar\u0131 ald\u0131. Yeni fizi\u011fin bu mistik y\u00f6neli\u015fi, \u00e7o\u011fu insan\u0131n zihninde felsef\u00ee ve din\u00ee d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler ba\u015flatt\u0131; hepsi bu ke\u015fifleri, halihaz\u0131r modern teknoloji toplumunun temeli olan materyalist, kat\u0131 d\u00fcnyadan bir silkinme olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcler.\u201d <\/p>\n
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B\u00f6yle olmas\u0131 da gayet normal. E. Squirer\u2019a g\u00f6re: <\/p>\n
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\u201cYak\u0131n \u00e7evremizde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bariz kast ve plan delillerinden, k\u00e2inat\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda da planlama ve irade oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131na ge\u00e7memiz, gayet normal bir ad\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Bu ad\u0131m, Big Bang zemini \u00fcst\u00fcnde at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. NASA\u2019n\u0131n Goddard Uzay Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Robert Jastrow, God and the Astronomers\u2019\u0131nda (Allah ve Astronomlar) baz\u0131 ink\u00e2rc\u0131 astronom, fizik\u00e7i, kozmolog, kimyac\u0131 v.s.\u2019ler \u201cGarip bir \u015fekilde buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. K\u0131zd\u0131lar, anlams\u0131z ifadelerle \u00fcst\u00fcne s\u00fcnger \u00e7ektiler, ama\u201d der, \u201cbilim, Big Bang teorisiyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ezel\u00ee olmas\u0131 gereken bir G\u00fcc\u00fcn eseri olarak meydana geldi\u011fini ispatlad\u0131.\u201d Paul Davies\u2019in yorumu da \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cArt\u0131k k\u00e2inat\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 tam bir yoklu\u011fa, tam bir hi\u00e7li\u011fe kom\u015fu edebiliyoruz. Hi\u00e7bir bilimsel problem, her\u015feyin bu hi\u00e7likten nas\u0131l meydana geldi\u011fi sorusu kadar temel olabilir mi? Bu k\u00e2inattan m\u00fcnezzeh [yarat\u0131k olmayan] Biri olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir mi?\u201d<\/p>\n
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Davies, \u201c\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ke\u015ffi, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u00e2inat\u0131n ezeliyyen var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fidir\u201d der ve kendi sorusunu cevapland\u0131r\u0131r: <\/p>\n
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\u201cDolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bilim, \u2018K\u00e2inat nas\u0131l var oldu? Niye b\u00f6yle, bu haliyle yarat\u0131ld\u0131?\u2019 gibi, bu zamana kadar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dev sorularla y\u00fczy\u00fcze geldi. As\u0131rlarca insanl\u0131k yokluktan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey meydana gelemez sanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama bug\u00fcn her\u015feyin bir hi\u00e7likten meydana geldi\u011fini biliyoruz. Big Bang, yaln\u0131zca il\u00e2h\u00ee bir veri, sebep-sonu\u00e7 zincirinin i\u015flemedi\u011fi bir olay olarak anla\u015f\u0131labilir.\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u201cSebep-sonu\u00e7 zincirinin i\u015flemedi\u011fi bir olay.\u201d Robert Jastrow, bu nokta \u00fczerinde durup \u015fu h\u00fckme var\u0131r: \u201cBu haliyle Big Bang, \u2018Her sonucun, her neticenin bir sebebi vard\u0131r\u2019 temel d\u00fcsturuna ters d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, uyu\u015fmuyor. Ve \u015fimdi, en b\u00fcy\u00fck netice olan k\u00e2inat\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu determinist modern bilimin bu d\u00fcsturunu bozuyor, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.\u201d Davies\u2019in il\u00e2vesiyle, \u201cAs\u0131rl\u0131k \u2018Hi\u00e7ten bir\u015fey yarat\u0131lmaz\u2019 inanc\u0131 da y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
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MADDEER\u0130YOR!<\/p>\n
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Evet, Big Bang ile maddenin ezeliyeti fikri y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; \u2018olu\u015f\u2019 yerini \u2018yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u2019a b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, bilhassa 19. as\u0131rda terk edilen Allah inanc\u0131na tekrar d\u00f6n\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Fakat bu, Newton\u2019\u0131n \u2018\u0130lk Muharrik\u2019 olarak kabul etti\u011fi bir Yarat\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil; k\u00e2inata her an m\u00fcdahale eden, \u2018her an yaratan\u2019 bir Allah\u2019t\u0131r. Bu noktada, Big Bang\u2019in, materyalizmin ba\u011fr\u0131nda a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gedi\u011fi kuantum mekani\u011fi b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn geni\u015fletmektedir.<\/p>\n
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Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n fizi\u011finde, atom n\u00f6tron, proton ve elektrondan olu\u015fan, davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 sebep-sonu\u00e7 zinciriyle izah edilebilir bir temel par\u00e7ac\u0131k olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lepton, gluon, kuark, graviton, W+, W-, Z\u00b0 gibi yeni yeni alt par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n ke\u015ffi ile derinle\u015fen ve b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00e2inat\u0131n temellendi\u011fi bu \u00e2lem, daim\u00ee dalgalanmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mahiyet ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Fizik\u00e7i Dr. Yamina Bouguenaya\u2019n\u0131n belirtti\u011fi gibi, kuantum mekani\u011finin \u00e2leminde \u201cpar\u00e7ac\u0131klar sadece hareket ediyor de\u011fildir, ayn\u0131 zamanda kendileri de hareketten ibarettir. Yani, maddenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve maddenin hareketi birbirinden ayr\u0131lmaz. Her ikisi de ayn\u0131 mek\u00e2n-zaman ger\u00e7e\u011finin farkl\u0131 cephelerinden ibarettir.\u201d Bu noktadan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, daim\u00ee geli\u015f-gidi\u015fler, daim\u00ee yarat\u0131l\u0131p-yok edili\u015fler ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. \u201cK\u00e2inat\u0131n temelinde devaml\u0131 bir yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f-yok edili\u015f s\u00f6zkonusu oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re\u201d der Bouguenaya, \u201ck\u00e2inat ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f olay\u0131 durmu\u015f de\u011fildir; her an devam eden bir yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f olay\u0131 vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Nobel sahibi kimyac\u0131 \u0130lya Prigogine, bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi, \u201cZaman, yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d diye \u00f6zetler. \u2018Kara delikler\u2019in isim babas\u0131, doksan k\u00fcsur ya\u015f\u0131yla kuantum fizi\u011finin ya\u015fayan en b\u00fcy\u00fck ismi olarak bilinen John Archibald Wheeler\u2019in tesbitiyle, bu g\u00f6zle bak\u0131l\u0131nca, \u2018Big Bang\u2019de meydana gelen temel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin milyar kere milyarcas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn zaman boyunca, g\u00f6zlerimiz \u00f6n\u00fcnde, bizler i\u015fin fark\u0131nda olmadan\u2019 devam etmektedir. Wheeler, \u2018m\u00fctemadiyen Big Bang\u2019lerle do\u011fan ve yok olan k\u00e2inatlar\u2019 tablosu \u00e7izer ve \u201cYarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f hadisesi, g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde, durmaks\u0131z\u0131n devam m\u0131 ediyor?\u201d diye sorar. \u201cZaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn sorular\u0131 i\u00e7inde bundan daha derin, daha heyecan verici, idr\u00e2kimizde daha belirgin ilerleme temin eden, daha m\u00e2nidar bir ba\u015fka soru akl\u0131ma gelmiyor.\u201d Paul Davies, bu en anlaml\u0131 sorunun ilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki akislerini \u015f\u00f6yle tesbit eder: \u201cZaman\u0131 yaratan bir Allah kavram\u0131, O\u2019nun k\u00e2inat\u0131 \u2018her an elinde tutarak\u2019 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. K\u00e2inat\u0131 sadece ba\u015flat\u0131p b\u0131rakan bir Allah anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerine, her an yaratan bir Allah anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 getirir. B\u00f6ylece \u2018\u0130lk Muharrik\u2019 m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131nda ele al\u0131nan eski Yarat\u0131c\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, zaman\u0131n da yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamam\u0131zla, yerini k\u00e2inata her an m\u00fcdahale eden, her olayda h\u00e2z\u0131r ve n\u00e2z\u0131r bir Yarat\u0131c\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Bouguenaya\u2019n\u0131n yorumu ise \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
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\u201cBuna g\u00f6re, Yarat\u0131c\u0131, k\u00e2inat \u00fczerinde devaml\u0131 kudretini g\u00f6steren, kudretini \u00e7ekti\u011fi anda b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00e2inat\u0131n yoklu\u011fa yuvarlanaca\u011f\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee tarifiyle Kayyum bir Yarat\u0131c\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Allah m\u00fctemadiyen, hi\u00e7 duraksamaks\u0131z\u0131n k\u00e2inat\u0131\u2014k\u00e2inatlar\u0131\u2014yarat\u0131r. Do\u011frudan do\u011fruya; hi\u00e7bir arac\u0131 olmadan.\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u00d6zetlersek:<\/p>\n
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\u2022 Big Bang\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi\u011fi gibi, k\u00e2inat\u0131n Yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. K\u00e2inat kendili\u011finden olagelmi\u015f de\u011fil, bir Yarat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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\u2022 Allah k\u00e2inat\u0131 yarat\u0131p de b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Atom i\u00e7i \u00e2lemlere inildik\u00e7e g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ki, Allah \u2018zerre\u2019ye her an h\u00fckmederek, k\u00e2inat\u0131 her an yarat\u0131r. Bu m\u00e2n\u00e2da sabit bir k\u00e2inat yoktur; \u2018daim\u00ee yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f ile tazelenen k\u00e2inatlar\u2019 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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\u2022 K\u00e2inat yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00e2inat, yani her\u015fey, her an yarat\u0131l\u0131r. Ve her\u015fey her\u015feyle ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yarat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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Bu son noktaya, God and the New Physics\u2019inde (Allah ve Yeni Fizik) \u015f\u00f6yle paragraf a\u00e7ar Davies:<\/p>\n
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\u201cK\u00e2inat\u0131n temelini te\u015fkil eden atomlara kat\u0131 bir varl\u0131k vermeden \u00f6nce, k\u00e2inat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duyar\u0131z. Hangisi \u00f6nce gelir? Atom mu, k\u00e2inat m\u0131? Cevap, hi\u00e7biri. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-b\u00fcy\u00fck, basit-karma\u015f\u0131k, kozmik-atomik her\u015fey, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 birbirine muhta\u00e7 ve bir ger\u00e7e\u011fin ayr\u0131lmaz birer par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Biri birisiz olmaz. K\u00e2inat, temelinde derin bir birlik, yekparelik saklar. \u0130\u015fte bu yekparelik, bize her\u015fey olmadan hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.\u201d<\/p>\n
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B\u0130RL\u0130\u011eEY\u00d6NEL\u0130\u015e<\/p>\n
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Asl\u0131nda bu ger\u00e7ek, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ge\u00e7en as\u0131rda dile gelmi\u015ftir. Ama bir ilim adam\u0131nca de\u011fil, bir \u015fair taraf\u0131ndan ifade edilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
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\u201cHer\u015fey<\/p>\n
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Uzak ya da yak\u0131n<\/p>\n
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Birbirine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f<\/p>\n
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Gizlice, \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz bir El taraf\u0131ndan <\/p>\n
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Tek bir \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi bile koparamazs\u0131n<\/p>\n
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Bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 yerinden oynatmadan.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Francis Thompson, bu m\u0131sralar\u0131, ilham\u0131n\u0131 vahiyden alarak terenn\u00fcm eder. Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi anlamak, \u2018k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcklere, basit \u015feylerin karma\u015f\u0131k \u015feylere ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek,\u2019 Paul Davies gibi bilim adamlar\u0131nda da \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131r\u0131yor.\u2019 \u201cZira bu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn dinlerinin payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir birlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131s\u0131ldar.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Bu \u2018f\u0131s\u0131lt\u0131\u2019y\u0131, David Bohm, \u201cKuantum mekani\u011fi, birbirinden \u00e7ok uzak \u015feylerin sebep-sonu\u00e7 zinciri olmaks\u0131z\u0131n birbirine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her\u015fey her\u015feyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diye \u00f6zetler. Ayn\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm, benzer ifadelerle John A. Wheeler\u2019\u0131n da dilindedir: \u201cKuantum teorisi g\u00f6steriyor ki, her\u015fey her\u015feyle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Ve \u015fimdi, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fclyas\u0131, bu birli\u011fi, semav\u00ee dinlerin haber veregeldi\u011fi bu birli\u011fi \u2018tarif eden form\u00fcl\u00fc yazmak.\u2019 Yani, Weinberg-Sel\u00e2m-Glashow modeli ile in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flanan \u2018b\u00fcy\u00fck birle\u015fme teorisi\u2019ni tamamlamak. Niye? Fizik\u00e7i James Trefil\u2019in tesbitiyle, \u201cOnlar, k\u00e2inattaki b\u00fct\u00fcn etkile\u015fimleri idare eden tek bir Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131mak \u00fcmidindedirler.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Bu \u00fcmit ger\u00e7ek olacak m\u0131?<\/p>\n
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Cevab\u0131 Wheeler veriyor: <\/p>\n
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\u201cBir g\u00fcn gelecek, b\u00fct\u00fcn e\u015fyay\u0131 tek, harikul\u00e2de bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7inde anlayaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00f6ylesine sade, \u00f6ylesine g\u00fczel olacak ki, hepimiz birbirimize \u2018Ah, biz ne aptalm\u0131\u015f\u0131z! Nas\u0131l oldu da bunu bu kadar zaman anlayamad\u0131k. Ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fcs\u00fc olamazd\u0131 herhalde\u2019 diyece\u011fiz.\u201d<\/p>\n
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O g\u00fcn, k\u00e2inat yekpare bir ger\u00e7ek halini alacak. Bilim adamlar\u0131 da, pirenin midesinden g\u00fcne\u015f sistemine, sivrisine\u011fin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden Samanyoluna, bah\u00e7elerden galaksilere her\u015feyi birbirine ba\u011flayan, her an beraberce yaratan bir Allah\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, kudretinin, ilminin, h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn, nak\u015f\u0131n\u0131n… sonsuzlu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hu\u015f\u00fb ile e\u011filecekler.<\/p>\n
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Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019in, bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer alan s\u00f6z\u00fc, i\u015fte b\u00f6ylesi bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek ifadesini bulur. Bir daha tekrarlarsak, \u201cTek bir \u00e7ark di\u015fi bile, kaba bir insan yap\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fil, ama ancak Rabbimizin kuantum mekani\u011fi esaslar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen en m\u00fckemmel bir \u015faheseridir.\u201d Her\u015feyle beraber ona; onu te\u015fkil eden atomlara h\u00fckm\u00fc, iradesi, kudreti ge\u00e7en bir Allah olmasa, b\u0131rak\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00e2inat\u0131, bir \u00e7ark di\u015fi dahi k\u00e2inat kadar imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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\u0130\u015fte bunun i\u00e7in biyolog W. H. Thorpe, \u201cTabiat\u0131n d\u00fczeni, \u015fekli, yap\u0131s\u0131 ve devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, tamam\u0131yla Allah\u2019\u0131n yarat\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve iradesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d der. \u0130nk\u00e2rdan imana eri\u015fen Louis Pasteur, i\u015fte bunun i\u00e7in, \u2018d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde sonsuzluk kavram\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz ifadelerini\u2019 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u201cAllah\u2019a iman, b\u00f6yle bir sonsuzluk fikrini ta\u015f\u0131r. Bilimin ve sanat\u0131n idealleri, bu sonsuzlu\u011fun akisleriyle ayd\u0131nlan\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Yarat\u0131lan, her an yarat\u0131lan, her\u015fey her\u015feye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yarat\u0131lan k\u00e2inattaki her bir varl\u0131k, bu g\u00f6z ile bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bamba\u015fka bir m\u00e2n\u00e2 kazan\u0131r. Atomdan galaksilere, enzimlerden insan v\u00fccuduna kadar her\u015fey, ama her\u015fey, karma\u015f\u0131k ama d\u00fczenli, intizaml\u0131, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli ama birlik i\u00e7inde; par\u00e7a par\u00e7a ama yekv\u00fccut g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc ile, Yaratan\u0131n vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 bildirir. Hepsi, bir a\u011f\u0131zdan Yaratan\u0131 bildirir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda tesad\u00fcf\u00fc, \u015firki, tabiat\u0131, hayat\u0131 k\u00f6r tesad\u00fcfler ile a\u00e7\u0131klayan evrimci anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 tard eder.<\/p>\n
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Nitekim, \u0130ngiliz Jeoloji Derne\u011fi ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Jim Brooks, The Origin of Life\u2019\u0131nda (Hayat\u0131n Men\u015fei), enzimler, DNA gibi kompleks molek\u00fcler yap\u0131lar\u0131n tesad\u00fcfen, \u015fans eseri var oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer. Bir evrimci, antropolog Stephen Jay Gould dahi, k\u00e2inatta var olan m\u00fckemmel dizaynlar\u0131n evrimci zihniyeti sarst\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itiraf eder. \u201cOnlar, evrim teorisinin de\u011fil, kemal sahibi, her\u015feyi m\u00fckemmel yaratan bir Yarat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n delilidirler.\u201d Harvard \u00dcniversitesinden genetik\u00e7i Richard Lewontin\u2019in ifadesiyle, \u201cDikkatlice, sanatk\u00e2rane tanzim edilmi\u015f bu organizmalar hem Darwinizme meydan okurlar, hem de her\u015feyi tanzim eden bir Munazz\u0131ma i\u015faret ederler.\u201d<\/p>\n
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HERB\u0130L\u0130M<\/p>\n
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O\u2019NDAN GEL\u0130R<\/p>\n
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O\u2019NAG\u00d6T\u00dcR\u00dcR<\/p>\n
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Bu anlay\u0131\u015f ile, bilimler Allah\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131man\u0131n bir yolu olarak beliriverir. Ge\u00e7en as\u0131rlarda, Kepler \u2018geometri ile,\u2019 Galile \u2018matematik alfabesi \u00fczerine\u2019 k\u00e2inat kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazan bir Allah inanc\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ne kadar sonradan baz\u0131lar\u0131nca mekanik\/determinist bir k\u00e2inat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na alet edilirse de, bu tesbitler \u2018her bilim dal\u0131n\u0131n Allah\u2018\u0131n bir ismine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn tasdik\u00e7isiydi belki de. \u015eimdilerde ise, E. Squirer gibi bir bilim adam\u0131, \u2018Allah\u2019\u0131n \u015fuurlu ilmiyle yap\u0131lan planlama ve iradenin neticesi do\u011fan\u2019 fizik ile me\u015fguld\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, fizikteki her yeni geli\u015fme, onun i\u00e7in, Allah\u2019\u0131n iradesini biraz daha anlaman\u0131n ifadesidir. Rus fizik\u00e7i Alexander Polyakov, ayn\u0131 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 matematik \u00fcst\u00fcne kurar. \u201cBiliyoruz ki, tabiat m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en m\u00fckemmel metematik ile nazmedilmi\u015f, d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onu Allah yaratt\u0131\u201d der. Onun i\u00e7in de, matematik, Allah\u2019\u0131n tam bir m\u00fckemmellikle, bir d\u00fczen ile ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 nak\u0131\u015flarla yarat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131man\u0131n yoludur.<\/p>\n
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\u015e\u00f6yle bir dural\u0131m ve bilimin ortaya koydu\u011fu tesbitler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2018k\u00e2inat\u2019\u0131 yeni ba\u015ftan de\u011ferlendirelim:<\/p>\n
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\u2022 Her\u015feyden \u00f6nce, k\u00e2inat\u0131n bir ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 vard\u0131r, yani k\u00e2inat yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onu yaratan Allah\u2019t\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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\u2022 K\u00e2inat bir defa yarat\u0131l\u0131p da b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir; her an yarat\u0131l\u0131r. Onu yaratan Allah, k\u00e2inat \u00fcst\u00fcnde devaml\u0131 kudretini g\u00f6steren, Kayyum bir Yarat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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\u2022 K\u00e2inat\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn zaman ve mek\u00e2n\u0131 yaratmak, ancak zaman ve mek\u00e2ndan m\u00fcnezzeh olana mahsustur; Allah Ezel ve Ebed Sultan\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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\u2022 K\u00e2inattaki hadde hesaba gelmez varl\u0131klar, bir birli\u011fe i\u015faret ederler, yani onlar\u0131 yaratan Birdir, V\u00e2hid\u2019dir. <\/p>\n
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\u2022 O, birlik i\u00e7inde hadsiz bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ile yarat\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ehad\u2019dir, \u00e7oklu\u011fu birlik i\u00e7inde yaratand\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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\u2022 K\u00e2inatta bir noksanl\u0131k, \u00e7irkinlik yoktur, her\u015fey en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde yarat\u0131l\u0131r; Allah Cem\u00eel\u2019dir. <\/p>\n
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\u2022 K\u00e2inat\u0131 bu \u015fekilde yaratmak, ancak her bir zerreye, yani her\u015feye h\u00fckm\u00fc ge\u00e7en bir Allah\u2019a mahsustur; Allah H\u00e2kim\u2019dir. <\/p>\n
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\u2022 Her\u015feye h\u00fckmetmek, ancak her\u015feye g\u00fcc\u00fc yeten bir sonsuz kudret sahibine mahsustur; O Kad\u00eer\u2019dir. <\/p>\n
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\u2022 Her\u015feye her an h\u00fckmedip kudretiyle var etmek, ancak gelmi\u015f gelecek her\u015feyi bilen, hi\u00e7bir \u015fey O\u2019nun bilgisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmayan bir yarat\u0131c\u0131ya mahsustur; Allah Al\u00eem\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
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Bilimin k\u00e2inattan getirdi\u011fi haberler ile, Allah\u2019\u0131n daha nice isim ve s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6ylece anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamaz m\u0131? <\/p>\n
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B\u00f6ylesi bir k\u00e2inat tablosu i\u00e7inde, k\u00e2inatta hayat\u0131n var oldu\u011fu \u015fu d\u00fcnya ile, topyek\u00fbn k\u00e2inat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de ayan beyan belirir. Nitekim, astrofizik\u00e7i Freeman Dyson, hat\u0131ralar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca teknolojik ve end\u00fcstriyel geli\u015fme beraberinde gelen tahribat\u0131 nazara verdi\u011fi The Disturbing Universe\u2019\u00fcnde, \u201cK\u00e2inata bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ve bizim i\u00e7in, bizim faydam\u0131za olacak \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan fiziksel ve astronomik hadiseleri inceledi\u011fimizde\u201d der, \u201csanki k\u00e2inat bizim geli\u015fimizden haberdarm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Ayn\u0131 noktaya i\u015faretle, Paul Davies, \u201c\u015eu ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u00e2inat\u201d diye s\u00f6ze ba\u015flar; \u201c\u00e7ok garip bir yer. H\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmeler ve statik d\u00fczensizlikler, k\u00e2inat\u0131 hayat i\u00e7in sevimsiz hale getirebilir, ama… Bizler mi \u015fansl\u0131y\u0131z, yoksa bizim i\u00e7in en uygun yerde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6steren baz\u0131 derin i\u015faretler mi bunlar? D\u00fcnya \u00e7ok \u00f6zel bir yer ger\u00e7ekten\u201d diye devam eder. Pop\u00fcler bilim yazar\u0131 Jeanne Hopkins\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi, \u201cHayat, hi\u00e7 olmazsa bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla, k\u00fctle, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, kimyev\u00ee terkipler ve di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok levaz\u0131mat\u0131n haz\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir gezegende te\u015fekk\u00fcl edip geli\u015femez. Burada olmam\u0131z ger\u00e7e\u011fi, zaman ve mek\u00e2ndan m\u00fcte\u015fekkil bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00f6\u015femizde, bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla sadece bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00f6\u015fede, hayat\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z k\u0131lacak b\u00fct\u00fcn muhtemel tehlikelerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Wheeler\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri de bu merkezdedir. G\u00fcne\u015f ve gezegenlerin \u00e2hengine i\u015faret ederek, bu \u00e2hengin \u2018hayata imk\u00e2n verecek \u015fekilde, m\u00fckemmel olarak ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u2019 s\u00f6yler Wheeler. Davies\u2019in de i\u015faretledi\u011fi gibi, \u201cHayat, mekanik olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir k\u00e2inat i\u00e7inde hasbelkader \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir\u015fey de\u011fildir. K\u00e2inat denen mucizenin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d NASA\u2019dan astronom John Keefe\u2019in tesbitiyle, \u201cE\u011fer k\u00e2inat en m\u00fckemmel incelikle yap\u0131lmasayd\u0131, biz asla v\u00fccuda gelemeyecektik. Benim a\u00e7\u0131mdan bu \u015fartlar g\u00f6steriyor ki, k\u00e2inat, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayacak insanlar i\u00e7in yarat\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
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\u015eimdi de, R. Estling\u2019i dinleyelim: <\/p>\n
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\u201cGenelde k\u00e2inat\u0131n d\u00fczeni, bilhassa yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u00f6yle hassas olarak insana g\u00f6re ayarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, verilecek h\u00fck\u00fcm ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak \u015fudur: K\u00e2inat\u0131 ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc bu \u015fekilde bizi de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek yaratan, nas\u0131l bir isim takarsan\u0131z tak\u0131n, Allah\u2019t\u0131r. Ben \u0131srar ediyorum ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131, izah\u0131 hi\u00e7bir surette m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan \u015fans yap\u0131yor demek, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemeyecek kadar tesad\u00fcflere, say\u0131lamayacak kadar mucizelere ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir.\u201d<\/p>\n
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B\u00fct\u00fcn bu tesbitler, fizik\u00e7i Fikret Kortel\u2019in de belirtti\u011fi gibi, bizi \u201cK\u00e2inat, hayat\u0131 meyve vermek \u00fczere yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u201d sonucuna g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u201cAma\u201d der Paul Davies, \u201chayat sadece bir basamakt\u0131r. Hayat\u0131n \u00f6nemi, insan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir k\u00f6\u015fe ta\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fundad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Ayn\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc Wheeler da tekrarlar. Ona g\u00f6re, \u201cfizi\u011fin ortaya koydu\u011fu ger\u00e7ekler, akl\u0131n k\u00e2inatta imtiyazl\u0131 bir yeri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Bu, zeki seyirciler toplulu\u011fu olmadan belki de hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin anlaml\u0131 bir varl\u0131\u011fa sahip olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.\u201d Kulak olmadan sesin, i\u015ftahl\u0131 mideler olmadan meyvelerin anlam\u0131 olmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi… <\/p>\n
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Paul Davies, Wheeler\u2019a da at\u0131f yaparak, \u201cYeni fizik, insan \u015fuurunu k\u00e2inat\u0131n merkezine yerle\u015ftirir\u201d der. \u201cKuantum fizi\u011fi, i\u00e7inde k\u00e2inat\u0131 seyreden bir seyirci olmadan anlams\u0131zd\u0131r.\u201d Yani, kuantum fizi\u011fine g\u00f6re, \u201cinsan \u015fuuru k\u00e2inatta tek ba\u015f\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak var olan herhangi bir d\u00fczen de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131k nizam\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, aksetti\u011fi bir aynad\u0131r. Yani, k\u00e2inat\u0131n gayesi, hayat vas\u0131tas\u0131yla insan zihnine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce konusu olmakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Demek oluyor ki, k\u00e2inat, hayat\u0131; hayat da, insan\u0131 meyve vermek i\u00e7in yarat\u0131ld\u0131. Koestler\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi, \u201c\u0130nsan, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ne bir l\u00fcks oyuncak, ne de kromozomlar\u0131na as\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kuklad\u0131r.\u201d Arthur Eddington\u2019\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, insan \u201cvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131rlar\u0131 ile iyice sersemle\u015fip \u2018B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar ni\u00e7in?\u2019 sadas\u0131 kalbinden y\u00fckseldi\u011finde,\u201d belli duyu organlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla edindi\u011fi tecr\u00fcbelere bak\u0131p, \u201c\u0130\u015fte hepsi, atomlar, ve bo\u015fluk, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir yoklu\u011fa do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen ate\u015ften k\u00fcreler, kuvvetler ve matematik rakamlar!\u201d diyerek ger\u00e7ek cevab\u0131 vermi\u015f olmaz. <\/p>\n
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Bilakis, k\u00e2inat\u0131n, hayat\u0131n ve insan\u0131n \u2018ni\u00e7in\u2019i tek bir cevab\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131nda toplanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
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B\u0130L\u0130MADAMLARININ<\/p>\n
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D\u0130NEY\u00d6NEL\u0130\u015e\u0130<\/p>\n
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Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger, What is Life\u2019\u0131nda \u201cBilimin insanl\u0131\u011fa en b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u2018Bizler kimiz? Nereden geliyoruz ve nereye gidece\u011fiz?\u2019 gibi deh\u015fetli sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131 bulmak ya da en az\u0131ndan ak\u0131llar\u0131 bu konularda rahatlatmak olacakt\u0131r\u201d der. Ama, 1964 Nobel t\u0131p \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi John Eccles\u2019in kanaatince, bu sorular ilmin boyunu a\u015far: \u201cBilim, \u015fu haliyle ne herhangi birimizin var olu\u015f hikmetini a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir, ne de \u015fu temel sorulara cevap getirebilir: Ben kimim? Neden buraday\u0131m? Neden ya\u015f\u0131yorum? \u00d6ld\u00fckten sonra ne olaca\u011f\u0131m? Bunlar bilimin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan s\u0131rlard\u0131r.\u201d Robert Jastrow da ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ftedir: \u201cBilim asla yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki perdeyi kald\u0131ramayacak.\u201d California Teknolojisi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnden astrofizik\u00e7i Jesse Greenstein\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi de bu merkezdedir: \u201cDin ve felsefenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz, ama zaman zaman bilimin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u015feyler aramaya zorlan\u0131yoruz.\u201d 1961 Nobel t\u0131p \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi Peter Medawar da, The Limits of Science\u2019\u0131nda (Bilimin S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131), bilimin ger\u00e7ekten cevaplamak istedi\u011fimiz \u201cBiz neden buraday\u0131z?\u201d gibi sorulara cevap veremedi\u011fini yazar. <\/p>\n
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\u0130\u015fte bu acziyeti, Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zaten kabul ve teslim eden bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 vaktiyle terk etti\u011fi, s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc din ile yeniden tan\u0131\u015fmaya y\u00f6neltti. Din ile bilim aras\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen mevhum ayr\u0131l\u0131k, buzdan duvar yumu\u015fad\u0131, eridi ve bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yeniden dine y\u00f6neldiler.<\/p>\n
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Mesel\u00e2 \u0130lya Prigogine\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u201c\u0130nsan ve tabiat aras\u0131nda, insan ve insan aras\u0131nda yeni m\u00fcnasebetler a\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 var. Bilimsel ve din\u00ee de\u011ferler aras\u0131ndaki eski a priori [pe\u015fin] ayr\u0131m\u0131 art\u0131k kabul edemeyiz.\u201d \u201cBilim ile din neden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fs\u0131n ki?\u201d diye sorar Roger Sperry. \u201cEsasen, bu din-bilim \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fartlanmas\u0131, materyalist felsefenin bilim olarak kabul edildi\u011fi zamanlardan kalmad\u0131r. Bilim olsa olsa materyalizmle \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131r; dinle de\u011fil.\u201d \u201cBen ni\u00e7in\u2019i bilmek istiyorum\u201d diyen John Wheeler da bilimin vahye y\u00f6neli\u015fini ister: \u201cZannediyorum, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki b\u00fcy\u00fck insanlar\u0131n\u2014peygamberleri kastediyor olsa gerek\u2014bize anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 din\u00ee de\u011ferlere ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmam\u0131z icap ediyor.\u201d <\/p>\n
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Bu kabil ifadeler, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda birbiri ard\u0131nca gelirken, bir ABD\u2019li d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrden bir teklif gelir. Texas \u00dcniversitesi be\u015fer\u00ee bilimler profes\u00f6r\u00fc Frederic Turner, \u201cK\u00e2inat dev bir piramit gibi; piramidin en alt\u0131nda matematik var, onun bir \u00fcst\u00fcnde fizik yer al\u0131yor, b\u00f6ylece en \u00fcste do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a sanat ve felsefe geliyor ve onlar\u0131n da \u00fcst\u00fcnde il\u00e2hiyat yer al\u0131yor\u201d deyip, biyoloji ve fizik ile din aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapmayan bir bilim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 teklif eder. \u201cBu ba\u015far\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bilim R\u00f6nesanstan sonraki en b\u00fcy\u00fck devrimi ya\u015fayacak; il\u00e2h\u00ee-tabi\u00ee ayr\u0131m\u0131 sona erecektir.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Bug\u00fcn dahi, \u201cBilim yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 incelemekle Allah\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131mam\u0131za imk\u00e2n verir\u201d diyen bilim adamlar\u0131 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, o g\u00fcn \u00e7ok da uzak olmasa gerek. Kimbilir, belki de fazla uzak olmayan bir gelecekte, bilim adamlar\u0131 terk ettikleri, daha \u00f6nce kendilerine rakip g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri vahiy \u00f6n\u00fcnde teslim-i silah edecekler. <\/p>\n
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Nitekim John A. Wheeler \u201cDaha yolun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nday\u0131z. Bir g\u00fcn gelecek…\u201d diyor, ve onun ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc, Robert Jastrow \u015f\u00f6yle tamaml\u0131yor:<\/p>\n
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\u201c….. Akl\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne inanarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir bilim adam\u0131 i\u00e7in, ser\u00fcven beklenmedik \u015fekilde sona erer. O cehalet da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131rmanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; en y\u00fcce zirveyi fethetmek \u00fczeredir, en son kayaya do\u011fru kendini \u00e7eker ve tam o s\u0131rada, as\u0131rlard\u0131r orada oturan bir grup il\u00e2hiyat\u00e7\u0131 \u2018ho\u015fgeldin\u2019 diyerek onu kar\u015f\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n
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metinkarabasoglu@zaferdergisi.com<\/p>\n
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03.07.2002 \u201cHERKES SER\u00dcVEN hikayelerini sever. \u0130\u015fte, b\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ser\u00fcvenlerinden biri de, \u015fimdi temel fizi\u011fin\u2014ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bilimlerin\u2014 alacakaranl\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Bu ser\u00fcvenin kahramanlar\u0131, ilim adamlar\u0131. Pe\u015finde ko\u015ftuklar\u0131 \u015fey de, hayallerin bile eri\u015femedi\u011fi de\u011fere sahip bir b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6d\u00fcl: k\u00e2inat\u0131n kilitli kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n anahtar\u0131.\u201d \u2014Paul Davies \u0130\u015eTE BU YAZI, o nefes kesici ser\u00fcvenin \u00f6zetidir. Ve i\u015fte \u015fu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[132],"class_list":["post-83772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar"],"yoast_head":"\n