10.05.2005<\/p>\n
B\u0130R \u2018E\u015e\u0130TL\u0130K feminizmi\u2019 olan eski radikal feminist ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fen ve kad\u0131n ile erke\u011fin biyolojik, zihinsel ve duygusal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na vurguda bulunan yeni-feminizmin \u00f6nemli isimlerinden psikolog Carol Gilligan, kad\u0131n ile erkek aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli farklardan birini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klar: \u201cKad\u0131nlar ahl\u00e2k\u00ee kararlar\u0131n\u0131 haklar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde almaktan ziyade, ili\u015fkiler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde al\u0131rlar.\u201d <\/p>\n
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Gilligan\u2019\u0131n tesbit etti\u011fi bu durum, ger\u00e7ekten, kad\u0131nlar ile erkekler aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli duygusal-zihinsel farklardan biri ve kad\u0131n ile erke\u011fin nas\u0131l birbirini tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da bir ni\u015fanesidir. <\/p>\n
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Bu tesbitten de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, erkekler, \u2018haklar\u2019\u0131 merkeze alarak karar verir ve kararlar\u0131n\u0131 \u2018e\u015fitlik\u2019 duygusu ekseninde \u015fekillendirir. Mesel\u00e2, benzer bir durumda filana farkl\u0131, falana farkl\u0131 davranma, \u2018e\u015fit\u2019 olmayan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u2018adaletsiz\u2019 bir tutum olarak g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcr onlara; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, b\u00f6yle davranmakla \u2018haks\u0131zl\u0131k\u2019 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler. <\/p>\n
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Bu, genel anlamda isabetli bir \u00e7izgidir. Ancak, onlar\u0131n \u2018n\u00fcanslar\u0131\u2019 g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rmalar\u0131na ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u2018esneklik\u2019ten yoksun \u2018k\u00fcnt\u2019 bir noktada durmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilmektedir. Kald\u0131 ki, \u2018e\u015fitlik,\u2019 her hal ve \u015fartta \u2018adalet\u2019i temin etmez. <\/p>\n
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Kad\u0131nlar ise kararlar\u0131n\u0131, bir kad\u0131n olarak Gilligan\u2019\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere, \u2018ili\u015fkiler\u2019 ekseninde verirler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ayn\u0131 veya benzer bir durumda, \u2018iyi ili\u015fkiler\u2019 i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131 biri i\u00e7in farkl\u0131, ili\u015fkileri yeterince iyi olmayan biri i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 kararlara ula\u015f\u0131rlar. Ayn\u0131 durumda, kendi yak\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131, ba\u015fkalar\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015fa meyyaldirler. <\/p>\n
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Bu durum, \u2018n\u00fcanslar\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6zeten ve \u2018esnekli\u011fe\u2019 a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle bir incelik ta\u015f\u0131r. Ancak, \u015fayet \u2018haklar\u2019 ve \u2018e\u015fitlik\u2019 ekseninde geli\u015fen bir \u00e7izgiden destek alm\u0131yorsa, kolayca haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ve adaletsizli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilme riskini de ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
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Bir \u2018farkl\u0131l\u0131k feminizmi\u2019 olarak yeni-feminizmin \u00f6nc\u00fc ismi Carol Gilligan\u2019\u0131n \u2018haklar-eksenli\u2019 veya \u2018ili\u015fkiler-eksenli\u2019 karar alma ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla geli\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz bu izahat\u0131n, hen\u00fcz \u00fclkemize te\u015frif etmemi\u015f yeni-feminizme mukabil radikal feminizmin etkisini olanca \u015fiddetiyle hissettirdi\u011fi toplumumuzda, dindar han\u0131mlar nezdinde dahi \u2018tepki\u2019 \u00e7ekebilece\u011finin fark\u0131nday\u0131m. Ancak, ger\u00e7ekler tepkilerle de\u011fi\u015fmiyor. <\/p>\n
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B\u0131rakal\u0131m Gilligan gibi psikologlar\u0131n akademik g\u00f6zlem ve bulgularla desteklenmi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n m\u00fcdakkik bir analizi bile, bu v\u00e2k\u0131ay\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2r bi\u00e7imde \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze koyuyor. <\/p>\n
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\u00dcstelik, \u2018kad\u0131n ma\u011fduru kad\u0131nlar\u2019 gibi manidar bir ger\u00e7eklik dahilinde… <\/p>\n
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\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n, erkekleri annelerine olan sevgileri ile e\u015flerine olan sevgilerini dengeleyen; birini di\u011ferinin rakibi ve engeli k\u0131lmaktan uzak duran bir \u00e7izgide tutuyor olmas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fine ra\u011fmen, hem \u2018geleneksel,\u2019 hem de \u2018modern\u2019 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n bu dengeli ve adil\u00e2ne duru\u015fu yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek zor de\u011fil. K\u0131rk-elli y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar h\u00e2kim olan ve bug\u00fcn de toplumun belli bir kesiminde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren geleneksel anlay\u0131\u015f \u2018kay\u0131nvalide\u2019nin belirleyici oldu\u011fu bir davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken, modern anlay\u0131\u015fta \u2018e\u015f\u2019 olarak kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, d\u00fcn\u00fcn \u2018kay\u0131nvalide\u2019 ma\u011fduru \u2018e\u015f\u2019lerinin yerinde, bug\u00fcn \u2018e\u015f\u2019 ma\u011fduru \u2018kay\u0131nvalide\u2019ler var. Durum her yerde ve her ailede b\u00f6yle de\u011fil elbette. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar\u0131yla, erke\u011fin bir \u2018denge\u2019 unsuru olarak orta yerde durdu\u011fu, e\u015flerin ve annelerin \u2018e\u015f sevgisi\u2019 ile \u2018anne sevgisi\u2019ni birbirinden farkl\u0131 sevgiler olarak birbirine rakip g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi dengeli evlilik tablolar\u0131 az da olsa mevcut. Ancak, tablolar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131nda bir dengesizlik h\u00e2kim. \u2018Geleneksel\u2019 ili\u015fki bi\u00e7iminin h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu ailelerde \u2018kay\u0131nvalide\u2019 olarak annelerin, giderek a\u015f\u0131nmakta olan bu ili\u015fki bi\u00e7iminin zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ailelerde ise\u2014ki bu ailelerin say\u0131s\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yor\u2014\u2018e\u015f\u2019 olarak kad\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn ve \u2018ili\u015fki-eksenli\u2019 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. <\/p>\n
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Bu dengesiz tablolarda, en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorumlulu\u011fun f\u0131traten \u2018hak-eksenli\u2019 karar alma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde bu noktada zaafiyet g\u00f6steren erke\u011fe ait oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. <\/p>\n
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Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, e\u011fer aile i\u00e7inde \u2018kay\u0131nvalide\u2019 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyse, kararlar\u0131n \u2018gelin\u2019in ve ailesinin ma\u011fduriyetine yol a\u00e7ar \u015fekilde; yok e\u011fer \u2018gelin\u2019 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyse, \u2018kay\u0131nvalide\u2019nin ve erke\u011fin ailesinin ma\u011fduriyetine yol a\u00e7ar \u015fekilde al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleniyor. <\/p>\n
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Her h\u00e2l\u00fck\u00e2rda, bir ailede karar alma g\u00fcc\u00fc erkekten kad\u0131na do\u011fru kaym\u0131\u015fsa, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle ailede en etkili ki\u015fi anne veya e\u015f ise, al\u0131nan kararlar \u2018ili\u015fki-eksenli\u2019 bir \u00e7izgide geli\u015fiyor. Madalyonun \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok\u00e7a durulmu\u015f \u2018geleneksel\u2019 taraf\u0131n\u0131 es ge\u00e7elim. \u2018Modern\u2019 taraf\u0131nda v\u00e2k\u0131a \u015fu: Ayn\u0131 \u015fey erke\u011fin ailesi i\u00e7in s\u00f6zkonusuyla uygunsuz bulunurken han\u0131m\u0131n ailesi i\u00e7in son derece yerinde olabiliyor! <\/p>\n
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Bu noktada, bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm en sanc\u0131l\u0131 durum ise, \u2018e\u015f\u2019lerin aile i\u00e7in artan a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u2018kay\u0131nvalideler\u2019 ve bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kocalar\u0131n\u0131n ailesi aleyhine kullanma temay\u00fcl\u00fc\u2014t\u0131pk\u0131, vaktiyle, kay\u0131nvalidelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gelinler ve onun ailesi aleyhine kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde… <\/p>\n
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Son s\u00f6z\u00fc bir \u2018hak-eksenli\u2019 bir denge i\u00e7inde erke\u011fi de\u011fil, kay\u0131n validenin s\u00f6yledi\u011fi geleneksel duru\u015fu onayl\u0131yor de\u011filim. Ama modern duru\u015fu onaylamam da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. <\/p>\n
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\u00dcstelik, y\u00fckselen dalgalar\u0131 da arkas\u0131na alarak bu duru\u015fa temay\u00fcl g\u00f6steren han\u0131mlar\u0131n, ger\u00e7ekte, kendi bindikleri dal\u0131 kestiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Zira, son tahlilde, \u2018anne\u2019nin evl\u00e2t \u00fczerindeki eme\u011fi ve hakk\u0131, \u2018han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n kocas\u0131 \u00fczerindeki eme\u011fi ve hakk\u0131ndan daha fazlad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn e\u015finin hat\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in annesini ma\u011fdur edebilen bir erke\u011fin, yar\u0131n ba\u015fka bir sebeple e\u015fini de ma\u011fdur etmeyece\u011fini kimse garanti edemez…<\/p>\n
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\u00a9\u00a02021 karakalem.net, Metin Karaba\u015fo\u011flu<\/p>\n
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10.05.2005 B\u0130R \u2018E\u015e\u0130TL\u0130K feminizmi\u2019 olan eski radikal feminist ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fen ve kad\u0131n ile erke\u011fin biyolojik, zihinsel ve duygusal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na vurguda bulunan yeni-feminizmin \u00f6nemli isimlerinden psikolog Carol Gilligan, kad\u0131n ile erkek aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli farklardan birini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klar: \u201cKad\u0131nlar ahl\u00e2k\u00ee kararlar\u0131n\u0131 haklar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde almaktan ziyade, ili\u015fkiler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde al\u0131rlar.\u201d Gilligan\u2019\u0131n tesbit etti\u011fi bu durum, ger\u00e7ekten, kad\u0131nlar ile […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[132],"class_list":["post-83527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar"],"yoast_head":"\n