24.05.2005<\/p>\n
\u0130NG\u0130L\u0130Z TAR\u0130H\u00c7\u0130 Philip Mansel, \u0130stanbul \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Konstantinopolis: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eehir adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi \u0130stanbul\u2019una dair dikkat \u00e7ekici bilgiler verir. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019u, \u00fc\u00e7 semav\u00ee dine ve bu dinlerin farkl\u0131 mezheplerine mensup, farkl\u0131 dilleri konu\u015fan ve farkl\u0131 etnik k\u00f6kenleri olan insanlar\u0131 bulu\u015fturup kayna\u015ft\u0131ran bir pota gibidir. O g\u00fcnlerde, bir \u0130stanbul kona\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 i\u015fleri g\u00f6ren hizmetk\u00e2rlar\u0131yla bir \u0131rklar hamulesi gibidir ve bir konakta yakla\u015f\u0131k on ayr\u0131 dil konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. \u015eehir, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa sahip olmakta birlikte, baz\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llarda y\u00fczde 50\u2019lere kadar yakla\u015fan hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir gayrim\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, \u015fehrin ismine de yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019unun \u0130slambol ve Dersaadet\u2019ten Kostantiniyye ve Konstantinopolis\u2019e uzanan yirmiyi a\u015fk\u0131n ismi vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Mansel, bir \u2018\u015feriat devleti\u2019 olarak Osmanl\u0131da \u0130stanbul\u2019un bir dinler, \u0131rklar ve diller hamulesi olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, sek\u00fcler yeni devletin zuhuruyla birlikte Osmanl\u0131daki bu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin dumura u\u011fray\u0131\u015f\u0131na da dikkat \u00e7eker. 1926\u2019da Posta \u0130daresinin bundan b\u00f6yle adres hanesinde \u2018\u0130stanbul\u2019 yazan mektuplar\u0131 i\u015fleme koyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u015fehrin bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki isimlerine yer veren mektuplar\u0131n i\u015fleme al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, Mansel\u2019e g\u00f6re bu paradoksal durumun bir sembol\u00fc h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019unu \u2018\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc bir ortamda bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde birarada ya\u015fama\u2019 \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak da irdeleyen Mansel\u2019in yazd\u0131klar\u0131, ger\u00e7ekte, ba\u015fkaca ortamlar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Mesel\u00e2, o g\u00fcnlerin Selanik\u2019i, Kahire\u2019si ya da Delhi\u2019si de benzer \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u0130sl\u00e2m co\u011frafyas\u0131nda, \u015fehirler kadar, \u00fclkeler de benzer bir \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, Rumeli\u2019de de okunur, Anadolu\u2019da da, hatta Hindistan\u2019da da. <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Gariptir ki, \u2018din\u2019in belirleyici oldu\u011fu yap\u0131lanmalara bedel ulus-devlet modelinin ve sek\u00fclerizmin h\u00fck\u00fcmferma hale geldi\u011finde, bu \u00e7e\u015fitlilik kaybolacak; mesel\u00e2, \u2018\u015feriat devleti\u2019 Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131nda n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131ya yak\u0131n\u0131 gayrim\u00fcslimlerden m\u00fcte\u015fekkil \u0130stanbul, laik T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti d\u00f6neminde yaln\u0131zca \u2018eser miktarda,\u2019 y\u00fczde 1-2 d\u00fczeyinde gayrim\u00fcslim n\u00fcfus bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r hale gelecektir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey, Anadolu ve Rumeli i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Mesel\u00e2, Ege\u2019nin iki yakas\u0131nda, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve gayrim\u00fcslimler, \u00f6zelde T\u00fcrkler ve Yunanl\u0131lar beraberce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f iken; sek\u00fcler ulus-devletlerin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn akabinde, Anadolu\u2019dan Rumlar, Yunanistan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkler, tabir yerindeyse, \u2018ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.\u2019 Ger\u00e7i, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma, durumu, \u2018n\u00fcfus m\u00fcbadelesi\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlar. Ancak Balkanlarda \u0130sl\u00e2m yazar\u0131 Aleksandr Popovi\u00e7\u2019e g\u00f6re, esasen, bir ulus-devlet olu\u015fturma s\u00fcrecinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u2018etnik ar\u0131nd\u0131rma\u2019 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u2018kibarca\u2019 bir ifadesidir bu. <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u00d6yle ya da b\u00f6yle, ortadaki tablo a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r: On y\u0131llard\u0131r duymaya al\u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz iddialar\u0131n aksine, din, kendisi gibi olmayan\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fc ve d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 bir i\u015flev g\u00f6rmemi\u015f; bilakis, mesel\u00e2 \u015fu topraklarda din\u00ee hissiyat ve fikriyat\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmferma oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde farkl\u0131 dinlerin, mezheplerin, dillerin ve milliyetlerin mensuplar\u0131na daha fazla m\u00fcsamaha g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f; beraberce bir \u2018birarada ya\u015fama tecr\u00fcbesi\u2019 ihdas edilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa tahamm\u00fcls\u00fczl\u00fck, hakikat-\u0131 halde, dinlerin de\u011fil, ulus-devlet modelinin ni\u015fanesidir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u00a9\u00a02021 karakalem.net, Metin Karaba\u015fo\u011flu<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
24.05.2005 \u0130NG\u0130L\u0130Z TAR\u0130H\u00c7\u0130 Philip Mansel, \u0130stanbul \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Konstantinopolis: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Arzulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eehir adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi \u0130stanbul\u2019una dair dikkat \u00e7ekici bilgiler verir. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019u, \u00fc\u00e7 semav\u00ee dine ve bu dinlerin farkl\u0131 mezheplerine mensup, farkl\u0131 dilleri konu\u015fan ve farkl\u0131 etnik k\u00f6kenleri olan insanlar\u0131 bulu\u015fturup kayna\u015ft\u0131ran bir pota gibidir. O g\u00fcnlerde, bir \u0130stanbul kona\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 i\u015fleri g\u00f6ren […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[132],"class_list":["post-83521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar"],"yoast_head":"\n